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When the plasma surrounding blood cells is an isotonic solution, compared to the solution inside the blood cells, the cells function normally. The isotonic solution allow the cells to move water and nutrients in and out of the cells. This is necessary for blood cells to perform their function of delivering oxygen and other nutrients to other parts of the body. If the cells are in a hypertonic environment, they will become plasmolyzed and will not contain enough water to perform cellular functions. If the cells exist in a hypotonic environment, they will lyse, spilling their contents into the bloodstream. This can cause dangerous side effects, as well as the loss of many blood cells. These events can be seen in the graphic below. To avoid either of the negative situations from happening during the transfusion of nutrients and medicine, the solution that carries the medicine must be an isotonic solution, compared to the patient’s blood. The osmolarity of the IV fluid can be adjusted using special salts and sugars that act simply as solutes to dilute or strengthen a substance. Once a medicine is an isotonic solution compared to the blood, it can be added through an IV and no damage will occur to blood cells. Isotonic solutions are usually used in medicine. Hypertensive, etc. are sometimes used. e. having a higher osmotic pressure compared to blood. For example, with glaucoma (characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure), a hypertonic solution injected into a vein draws excess moisture from the anterior chamber of the eye. Isotonic solution - a solution whose osmotic pressure is equal to the osmotic pressure of blood plasma; for example, 0.9% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, 5% aqueous solution of glucose. All these solutions are used in the treatment of various diseases in order to remove intoxication and other manifestations of the disease. Isotonic solvents, unlike hypertonic and hypertonic solutions (which are not used for intravenous administration), do not lead to hemolysis of erythrocytes during intravenous administration. жүктеу/скачать 119,35 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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