А. О. Сарыбаева, Р. С. Кенжебекова
MODAL VERBS + PERFECT INFINITIVE (PI)
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А. О. Сарыбаева, Р. С. Кенжебекова
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MODAL VERBS + PERFECT INFINITIVE (PI) Form: MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE - modal verbs + PI are often used: - to refer to the past - to refer to unreal situations - to show that the activity was different from what we wanted - to say how confident we are that something has happened 1. MUST + PI: expresses deduction, a logical conclusion, probability: It is very cold; it must have snowed in the mountains. I saw him leaving; he must have killed him. 2. CAN´T/COULDN´T + PI: expresses negative deduction: She can´t have passed such a difficult exam. CAN + PI: expresses impossibility or disbelief: The boy can´t have given a better answer than this one. She can´t have missed the bus. 3. COULD + PI: You could have done it. (past reference: didn´t do it) You could do it. (future reference: possibility) 4. MAY + PI: expresses the possibility that an action took place in the past: The little girl may have lost the key. (It is possible that she lost the key.) (with may – action is more probable than with might) 5. MIGHT + PI: expresses a past possibility Our neighbours might have heard some noises when our car was stolen. MIGHT + PI continuous: expresses a possible action which was continuing at a certain moment in the past: The kids might have been watching a cartoon at that time. 6. NEEDN´T + PI: expresses an unnecessary action, which was, nevertheless, performed: I needn´t have knocked at the door since, in this way, I awoke the baby. (but I knocked) You needn´t have bought the flowers. didn´t need to: show that the action was not necessary but it wasn´t performed either: I didn´t need to knock at the door since it was open. (so I didn´t knock) 7. SHOULD + PI: indicates that the past obligation was not fulfilled or carried out: You should have locked the door before leaving the house. (But you didn´t lock it.) 8. OUGHT TO + PI: expresses an unfulfilled duty or obligation: Paul ought to have waited until the lights were green before he crossed the street. (But he didn´t wait.) 9. WOULD + PI: 3rd conditional I would have gone to university if my parents had had more money. (The speaker didn´t go to university.) жүктеу/скачать 1,64 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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