А. Паизова, Г. Р. Дадабаева, Д. В. Парк
жүктеу/скачать 59,3 Kb.
|
| Ключевые слова: «мягкая сила», «российская мягкая сила», неоклассический реализм, Центральная Азия
Introduction Conventionally, soft power is the ability to achieve the desired results in international arena by using attraction and influence rather than coercion and force (Nye, 2013). However, in contemporary world, political power is not static, it changes, evolves, grows, expands or decreases. Today the irrelevance of "soft power" stems not from its theoretical dimension, but from the changing global landscape. The 21st century, as a whole, is characterized by growing competition between such giants as China, India and the United States, the EU. In order to fight against the Great Powers, nations create short-term strategic alliances that collectively negotiate against the giants or force them to counteract the growing influence of the latter. These alliances are based on shared interests, not shared values. In a world where competition rather than cooperation is rampant, we see that the traditional practice of "soft power" receding into the background, and the advantage of strategic alliances is becoming consisted in their flexibility. Unlike the Cold War era, countries are now no longer limited to one giant. On the contrary, countries cooperate with different giants for different purposes. National power stems from a country’s status as an ideal member of a strategic alliance. This is not the era of unipolar or bipolar World order, but the age of giants has arrived. In this era, the authorities of different states take different actions. The COVID outbreak provides another strong argument in favor of changing nature of power in international relations in the 21st century. During the outbreak, the practice has clearly showed that any country that would develop a well-tested and reliable vaccine will be more than welcomed as heroes, no matter it is North Korea, Iran, or Pakistan. In fact, Western countries including Sweden, United Kingdom, France, and Germany, they would have favored this vaccine, ignoring Pakistan’s treatment of dissidents, its civil rights abuses, and its acts of sheltering terrorists. This is also reflected in the case of China, because Chinese doctors were very welcomed by Italy when they landed to help fight against COVID. At the time, no one dared to mention China's large-scale surveillance program, the imprisonment of dissidents, or about reported Muslim concentration camps. By another words, the coronavirus revealed the main normative nature of the soft power paradigm, which works well enough in theory but is mostly unproven in the real world. The coronavirus also shows that countries will ultimately be motivated by their own interests and will cooperate with other countries based on utility and ability to help them solve problems. In this article, we argue that the world is in the midst of deep structural change, and that this change requires a re-examination of the concept of soft power. We also argue that third countries will form coalitions with major powers and will be oriented towards them in their external orientation based on certain interests, not because of attractive political image of state. жүктеу/скачать 59,3 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|