Английский язык. 11 класс (О. В. Афанасьева и др.)


Chopin, Frédéric François



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4. Chopin, Frédéric François (February 22, 1810 – October 17, 
1849), a Polish-French composer and pianist, was one of the creators 
of the typically romantic character piece. All of his works include the 
piano.
Chopin was not a conductor, or a writer of music, or a great teacher 
although he earned substantial amounts from his teaching, nor did he 
concertize extensively. Indeed, he represents the curious phenomenon of 
a legendary pianist who gave approximately 30 public performances in 
his entire lifetime. From all reports, his playing was extraordinary.
Chopin was born on Feb ruary 22, 1810, near Warsaw, the second of 
four children of a French father, Nicholas Chopin, and a Polish mother
Lorraine. Young Chopin had a good education and studied music privately 
with Joseph Elsner, founder and director of the Warsaw Conservatoire. 
In 1817 Chopin’s first composition was performed publicly; a year later 
he himself performed in public.


137
In 1826 Chopin became a full-time student at Elsner’s Conservatoire, 
where he received an excellent foundation in theory, harmony, and 
counterpoint.
After visiting Berlin, where he was exposed to the music of George 
Frederick Handel and Felix Mendelssohn, Chopin heard Niccolo Paganini 
in Warsaw on his return and recognized that he must leave the city for 
exposure to other musicians.
When the 20-year-old Chopin arrived in Paris, his poor physical health 
as well as an unsuitable temperament prevented him from giving public 
performances. Nevertheless, he became a significant figure in Parisian 
artistic circles, numbering among his friends musicians, writers, and 
painters. There in 1836 he met Aurore Dudevant, known as George 
Sand. For 9 years, from in 1838, after he had composed the Funeral 
March, she was his closest associate. Chopin’s health failed, and he lost 
all interest in composition. The Revolution of 1848 brought Chopin to 
England, where he accepted a longstanding invitation from Jane Stirling, 
a Scottish pupil. He gave several private performances in London and on 
May 15 played for Queen Victoria. After a rest in Scotland he returned 
to London in the fall of 1848, where on November 16 he played a 
benefit for Polish refugees at the Guildhall. He returned to Paris shortly 
afterward, living virtually on the generosity of the Stirlings. He died of 
tuberculosis on October 17, 1849 in Paris.
His creative imagination raised the etude from a practice piece to the 
concert stage. Chopin’s harmonic innovations, often concealed beneath a 
soaring lyricism, place him on an equal footing with Liszt and Richard 
Wagner.


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