Английский язык. 11 класс (О. В. Афанасьева и др.)
Chopin, Frédéric François
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| 4. Chopin, Frédéric François (February 22, 1810 – October 17,
1849), a Polish-French composer and pianist, was one of the creators of the typically romantic character piece. All of his works include the piano. Chopin was not a conductor, or a writer of music, or a great teacher although he earned substantial amounts from his teaching, nor did he concertize extensively. Indeed, he represents the curious phenomenon of a legendary pianist who gave approximately 30 public performances in his entire lifetime. From all reports, his playing was extraordinary. Chopin was born on Feb ruary 22, 1810, near Warsaw, the second of four children of a French father, Nicholas Chopin, and a Polish mother, Lorraine. Young Chopin had a good education and studied music privately with Joseph Elsner, founder and director of the Warsaw Conservatoire. In 1817 Chopin’s first composition was performed publicly; a year later he himself performed in public. 137 In 1826 Chopin became a full-time student at Elsner’s Conservatoire, where he received an excellent foundation in theory, harmony, and counterpoint. After visiting Berlin, where he was exposed to the music of George Frederick Handel and Felix Mendelssohn, Chopin heard Niccolo Paganini in Warsaw on his return and recognized that he must leave the city for exposure to other musicians. When the 20-year-old Chopin arrived in Paris, his poor physical health as well as an unsuitable temperament prevented him from giving public performances. Nevertheless, he became a significant figure in Parisian artistic circles, numbering among his friends musicians, writers, and painters. There in 1836 he met Aurore Dudevant, known as George Sand. For 9 years, from in 1838, after he had composed the Funeral March, she was his closest associate. Chopin’s health failed, and he lost all interest in composition. The Revolution of 1848 brought Chopin to England, where he accepted a longstanding invitation from Jane Stirling, a Scottish pupil. He gave several private performances in London and on May 15 played for Queen Victoria. After a rest in Scotland he returned to London in the fall of 1848, where on November 16 he played a benefit for Polish refugees at the Guildhall. He returned to Paris shortly afterward, living virtually on the generosity of the Stirlings. He died of tuberculosis on October 17, 1849 in Paris. His creative imagination raised the etude from a practice piece to the concert stage. Chopin’s harmonic innovations, often concealed beneath a soaring lyricism, place him on an equal footing with Liszt and Richard Wagner. жүктеу/скачать 0,65 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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