Белорусский государственный
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- The Falling Tone-Pattern
- The Falling-Rising Tone-Pattern
- The Rising-Falling Tone-Pattern
| The Rising Tone-Pattern
Contour 1. High/Stepping Head + High Narrow Rise Contour 2. Ascending Head + High Narrow Rise Contour 3. High/Stepping Head + Mid Wide Rise Contour 4. Scandent Head + Mid Wide Rise Contour 5. Sliding Head + Mid Wide Rise Contour 6. High/Stepping Head + Low Wide Rise Contour 7. Scandent Head + Low Wide Rise Contour 8. Sliding Head + Low Wide Rise Contour 9. Low Head + Low Narrow Rise The Falling Tone-Pattern Contour 1. High/Stepping Head + Mid Wide Fall Contour 2. High/Stepping Head + Low Narrow Fall Contour 3. High/Stepping Head + High Wide Fall Contour 4. Sliding Head + Mid/High Wide Fall Contour 5. Scandent Head + Mid/High Wide Fall The Falling-Rising Tone-Pattern Contour 1. Sliding/High Head + High/Mid Fall-Rise Undivided Contour 2. High/Stepping Head + High/Mid Fall-Rise Divided Contour 3. Low Head + Low Fall-Rise Divided Contour 4. Ascending Head + Fall-Rise Divided The Rising-Falling Tone-Pattern Contour 1. High/Stepping Head + Rise-Fall Contour 2. Sliding Head + Rise-Fall Contour 3. Scandent Head + Rise-Fall The meaning of the contours is, generally speaking, the sum total of the meanings of the nuclear tone and the head. Two points must be made clear in connection with the usage of the patterns. 1. The semantic effect of an intonation pattern depends to a degree on the type of the sentence it is used in: the inherent meaning of the intonation pattern may coincide with the communicative nature of the sentence-type (e.g. the finality and assertiveness of a fall with a statement; the incompleteness of a rise with a yes-no question). This is why the same pattern is regarded as ‘normal’ for some sentence-types, and ‘not normal’ for others, although in principle and in practice any of the patterns can be applied to any of the sentence-types. ‘Not normal’ here obviously means some additional effect, or connotation, leading to a modification of the communicative meaning of the sentence-type (e.g. implicatory statements, insistent or sceptical general questions). This additional effect is usually of a modal-emotional kind. 2. Intonation patterns differ in the expressiveness of their meaning, which is proportional to the expressiveness (vividness) of their form. Thus, an utterance with a Scandent Head in combination with any of the nuclear tones is more expressive than an utterance with a Stepping Head and is more suitable for a lively intimate conversation, while an utterance with a Stepping 7 Head is more suitable for a businesslike talk. Again, utterances with the rising-falling nuclear tone are more colourful than those with a simple falling tone, etc. According to this principle intonation patterns can be subdivided into emotionally neutral and emotionally coloured. However, this subdivision is but relative and is introduced, mainly, for practical convenience. In the above lists of the English basic intonation patterns less expressive, or neutral, contours come first in each group of contours, whenever several types of head are combined with one type of the nuclear tone. The present section of the book deals mainly with neutral patterns, while the more expressive and emotionally coloured contours will be treated in one of the next sections devoted to English expressive intonation. жүктеу/скачать 0,6 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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