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UNIT 10. AMERICAN-BASED PRONUNCIATION STANDARDS OF
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- The Eastern type
- General American (GA)
- GA pronunciation peculiarities Vowels
| UNIT 10. AMERICAN-BASED PRONUNCIATION STANDARDS OF
ENGLISH Pronunciation in the USA is not homogeneous. There are certain varieties of educated American speech. In the USA three main types of cultivated speech are recognized: the Eastern type, the Southern type and Western or General American. 54 1. The Eastern type is spoken in New England, and in New York city. It bears a remarkable resemblance to Southern English, though there are, of course, some slight differences. 2. The Southern Type is used in the South and South-East of the USA. It possesses a striking distinctive feature – vowel drawl. This type tends to the diphthongization and even triphthongization of some pure vowels and monophthongization of some diphthongs at the expense of prolonging ( ― drawling ǁ ) their nuclei and dropping the glides. 3. General American (GA) is spoken in the central Atlantic States: New York, New Jersey, Wisconsin and others. It is the pronunciation standard of the USA used by the radio and television and also in scientific, cultural and business correspondence. GA pronunciation peculiarities Vowels 1. There is no strict division of vowels into long and short in GA. 2. Sound [r] is pronounced between a vowel and a consonant or between a vowel and a silence: turn [t ə :rn ], star [sta:r]. 3. GA front vowels are somewhat different from RP. Vowels [i:], [ ı ] are distributed differently in GA and RP. In words like very, pity GA has [i:] rather than [ ı ]. In word final position it is often even diphthongized. Vowel [e] is more open in GA. It also may be diphthongized before [p], [t], [k]: let [le ə t] 4. RP [a:] corresponds to GA [æ ] : dance [dæns], ask [æsk ]. Consonants 1. Intervocalic [t] as in pity is most normally voiced. The result is neutralization of the distribution between [t] and [d] in this position, i.e. latter, ladder. The original distinction is preserved through vowel length with the vowel before [t] being shorter In words like twenty, little [t] may even drop out. Thus words winner and winter , for example, may sound identical. 2. GA [r] is articulated differently from RP one. It is pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled back further than in RP. 3. The sonorant [ j ] is usually weakened or omitted altogether in GA between a consonant and [u:] as in the words: news [nu:z}], Tuesday [tu:zdi], suit [su:t], etc. 4. Many differences involve the pronunciation of individual words or groups of words. Here are some of these: RP GA Asia education either leisure lever schedule tomato vase eı∫ ə edjukei∫n aið ə le Ʒə li:v ə ∫edju:l t ə ma:t ə u va:z eı Ʒə ed Ʒ ukei∫n i:ð ə li: Ʒə lev ə r skedj ə l t ə meıtou veiz 55 жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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