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§ 2.3 The Greek element in the English vocabulary
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| § 2.3 The Greek element in the English vocabulary
A great many Greek words came into English chiefly through Latin. But the influx of Greek words on a large scale did not begin until the time of the revival of Learning. These are mostly bookish borrowings, scientific and technical terms. Greek borrowings were more or less latinized in form. They are spelt and pronounced not as in Greek but as the Romans spelt and pronounced them. Among numerous Greek borrowings there are terms for various fields of science, such as: Literature and art: epos, elegy, ode, tragedy, scene, etc. Linguistics: archaisms, etymology, homonymy, idiom, polysemy, etc. Sports: gymnastics; Physics: pneumatic, thermometer; Philosophy and mathematics: basis, category, diagram; Medicine: rheumatism, adenoids, psychiatry, etc. Botany: balsam, cactus, parasite, organism, etc. Quite a number of proper names are also Greek in origin, e.g.: George, Eugene, Helene, Sophie, Peter, etc. Words of Greek are recognized by their specific spelling ( ch, ph, pn, rh as in character, philosophy, pneumonia, rhetoric ), by the suffixes (- ist, -ics, -ism, ize , osis , etc. theorist, linguistics, philosophize, neurosis ). § 2.4 The Scandinavian element. The Scandinavian invasion of England which influenced the English language began in 878. The Danes occupied a great part of the country and intermingled with the native population. At this period many Scandinavian words came into the English language but as there was great similarity between the languages the Scandinavian element in English remains comparatively obscure. There is a special difficulty in the question of etymology of Scandinavian words. In distinguishing them we may apply the criterion of sound. Numerous Germanic words in English with the жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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