Часть VI issn 2072-0297
Explicit and Implicit Vocabulary Learning
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| 2.3 Explicit and Implicit Vocabulary Learning
In both L1 and L2 lexical teaching / learning there are two main processes of vocabulary acquisition: explicit learning through the focused study of words and expressions, implicit learning through exposure when attention is focused on the use of language rather than learning. Ellis [13] (1997) de- fined implicit learning as «acquisition of knowledge about the underlying structure of a complex stimulus environment by a process which takes place naturally, simply and without conscious operation», while explicit learning is said to be characterized by «more conscious operation where the indi- 632 «Молодой учёный» . № 2 (82) . Январь, 2015 г. Филология vidual makes and tests hypotheses in a search for structure» (cited in Laufer and Hulstijn [8], 2001). Over the past years, researchers have devoted a great deal of time and effort to the development of strategies for explicit vocabulary learning and instruction. There are also some studies which find that both explicit and implicit pro- cesses take place in vocabulary acquisition. Ellis [13] (1997) claims that the perceptual aspects of new words, i. e. ac- quiring their phonetic and phonological features, are learned implicitly as a result of frequent exposure. And the articu- lation of word forms develops implicitly as a result of prac- tice. However, the meaning of words is learned explicitly, requiring the conscious processing at the semantic and con- ceptual levels and paying attention to the form-meaning con- nections. Krashen [2] (1981) allows that both explicit and implicit learning take place, but denies that explicit, con- scious learning can be converted into acquisition. Ellis and Schmidt believe that explicit knowledge plays an important role in second language acquisition. It should be pointed out that the notions of explicit and implicit learning should not be confused with the notions of intentional and incidental learning, as discussed in the pre- vious section. Implicit learning can be incidental only, but ex- plicit learning can occur both intentionally and incidentally. жүктеу/скачать 1,83 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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