Атты І халықаралық конференция ЕҢбектері
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E. ADALI Istanbul Technical University, Computer Engineering and Informatics Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey TURKS' EXPERIENCES WITH THE LATIN ALPHABET A Brief History of the Alphabet An alphabet is a set of symbols or characters that represents the sounds of a language in writing. The purpose of an alphabet is to establish an exact, one-to-one correspondence between each sound and its symbol. However, some languages use a diphthong (two vowels), or assign multiple consonants for one sound. The Phoenicians developed the first alphabet in the 18th century BC. This alphabet consisted of just consonants. Over time, the Aramaic, the Hebrew and the Arabic alphabets were derived from the Phoenician alphabet. In the ancient Hellenistic periods, Anatolian nations added vowels to the Phoenician alphabet and adopted it as the Greek alphabet. The classical Latin alphabet evolved from the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled in the early years of Rome. In honor of two Köktürk princes Kul Tigin and his brother Bilge Kağan, two monuments were erected in the Orkhon Valley (now in Mongolia) in 732 and 735. The oldest Turkic alphabet, which is called the Göktürk alphabet, was used on the Orkhon-Yenisev inscriptions in the 8th century; however, the exact origins of the Göktürk alphabet is uncertain. The website of the Language Committee of the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan lists 54 30 inscriptions from the Orkhon, 106 from the Yenisev, 15 from the Talas, and 78 from the Altai area. Another old alphabet used by the Turks is the Uyghur alphabet. In the 8th century, some Turkic groups started migrating away from Middle Asia in different directions. The Oğuz Turks, who moved to Anatolia, first founded the Selçuk States, then the Ottoman Empire in 1299 and finally the Turkish Republic in 1923. During this move, they accepted Islam and adopted the Arabic alphabet. In 1928, Turks started using the Turkish Alphabet, which was derived from the Latin alphabet. The Yakut, Azeri, Uzbek and Turkmens developed their own Latin based alphabets during the early periods of the 20th century, but they were not able to use them due to USSR oppression. Nowadays Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan, use the Latin alphabet but Uzbekistan still uses both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. жүктеу/скачать 8,57 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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