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possessed;
with the High (or
Stepping) Head – very
strong and weighty.
b) light, airy, involved,
sometimes
mildly
surprised.
16.
in imperatives
a) casual, reserved
b) soothing,
encouraging,
calmly
patronising
Low Head +
Low Narrow
Rise
17.
in statements
questioning or asking for
repetition because the speaker
has failed to hear or is
surprised
at
hearing
something that another person
has said
a) High/Stepping Head
+ High Narrow Rise
b) High/Stepping Head
+ Low Wide Rise
18.
in special questions
with the High Head – brisk,
businesslike, lively;
with the Stepping Head –
considerate, concerned;
with the
nuclear stress on the
interrogative word – insistent
and genuinely interested.
a) High/Stepping Head
+ High/Mid Wide
Fall
b) High/Stepping Head
+ Wide/Narrow Low
Fall
19.
in general questions
impressed,
quizzical,
mocking,
challenging,
disclaiming
responsibility,
sometimes
impatient
and
antagonistic.
a) a)
Sliding/Falling
Head + Fall Rise
Undivided
b) Stepping/High Head
+ Rise-Fall Contour
20.
in exclamations
cordial, warm or, vice versa,
scornful, protesting
c) Sliding/Falling Head
+
Fall
Rise
Undivided
d) Stepping/High Head
+ Fall-Rise Divided
2. Mark the statements True or False.
1. The replacement of one basic intonation pattern by another can’t
cause a change in the total
meaning of an utterance.
2. Variations within pitch features, stress, rhythm, the tempo of speech change the essential nature
of the basic intonation pattern.
3. The semantic effect of an intonation pattern depends to a degree on the type of the sentence it is
used in.
4. Yet, although the Stepping Head is the most recurrent type for the falling-rising tone pattern,
other types of head are possible with it, too.
5. The connotations imparted by the rising-falling pattern are practically independent of the
communicative type of an utterance. The exact connotation will only emerge from the lexical
content and the context in which the utterance is used.
36
6. Prosodic division is typically obligatory in expanded simple sentences with adverbial modifiers
of different kinds, complex sentences with object, relative or attributive clauses.
7. The subject of a sentence expressed by a personal pronoun is but seldom separated from the
predicate, a preposed attributive is usually closely linked to the noun.
8. Tone-sequences in English display relatively free combinability of nuclear tones.
9. The most significant feature of prosodic subordination is equality of the nuclear pitch intervals.
10. Subordinative intonation-groups most frequently stand in post-position to superordinate (major)
groups.
11. One of the specific features in prosodic co-ordination is dissimilarity of nuclear tones in both
intonation-groups.
12. The most typical case of postposed subordination is an afterthought. Depending on the speaker’s
attitude the afterthought takes a rising, a falling or a falling-rising nuclear tone of a low narrow
variety.
13. The pitch of the onset syllable in the initial phrase of a supraphrasal unity is noticeably lower
than in the following phrases.
14. The tempo of speech tends to be somewhat slower at the beginning and end of the supraphrasal
unity and faster in the middle.
15. Emphasis on the onset syllable of a falling tune enhances the energetic character of a statement,
command or exclamation.
16. When the onset syllable of a high rising tune is made emphatic a note of impatience is suggested
to an utterance.
17. Statements pronounced with an Emphatic Fall sound very categoric and decisive.
18. The Low Prehead is most commonly used before a high static tone and before kinetic tones
which begin on a higher pitch.
19. In tunes with the nuclear Emphatic Mid/Low Fall the High Irregular Prehead is used to express
extreme surprise.
20. A common means of expressiveness in informal conversation is the use of complex tones and
emphatic varieties of simple tones in the prenuclear part and the nucleus, the high prehead and
types of head such as the sliding and the Scandent heads for instance.
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