Е. В. Баранова, С. М. Хасенова а в т о м а т т а н д ы р ы л ғ а н ж ү й е л е р д І ң ө н д е л у І

№ 2   2 0 1 0   г.
ж а ң а л ы қ  ү н с і з  қ а л д ы .   Т о м с о н н ы ң  д ү н и е д е н  ө т к е н і н ж  к е й і ң ,  
1873
  ж ы л ы  « а у а  д о ң ғ а л а ғ ы »  
ұ м ы т ы л д ы ,   б і р а қ   ж а ң а л ы қ т ы ң   б е й н г к ө р і н і с т е р і   с а қ т а л ғ а н .
1888
 ж ы л ы  Ш Б В м а т и к а л ы қ  д о ң ғ а л а қ г ы ң  и д е я с ы  қ а й т а  ж а ң ғ ы р д ы .  Ж а ң а  с й л а п  т а б у ш ы  
Д ж о н   Д а н л о п   б о л а т ы н .   О н ы ң   е с і м і   ә л г м г е   б і р і н ш і   т в в м а т а к а л ы қ   ш и н а н ы   с й л а п   т а б у ш ы  
р е т і н д е   м ә л і м .   Д ж .   Б .   Д а н л о п  
1887
  ж ы л ы   ө з і н і ң  
10
  ж а с т а ғ ы   ұ л ы н ы ң   ү ш   д ө ң г е л з г і   б а р  
в е л о с и п е д і н з ,   б а қ ш а н ы   с у а р у   ү п г і н   қ о л д а н ы л а т ъ ш   ш л а н г т а р ғ а   а у а   ж і б е р і л г ш   о б р у ч т а р д ы  
к и г і з г ё н
  е д і .  
1888
  ж ы л д ы ң  
23
  ш і л д е с і н д е   Д ж .   Б .   Д а н л о п қ а   о н ы ң   с й л а п   т а п қ а н   ж а ң а л ы ғ ы  
ж ө н і н і н д е  
№10607
 п а т е н т  б е р і л д і .  А л  « ш в в м а т и к а л ы қ  о б р у ч т ы »  қ о л д а н у  м ү м к і н д і г і н і ң  б о л -  
ж а м д а р ы  т у р а л ы  п а т е н т  с о л  ж ы л д ы ң  
31
  т а м ы з ы н д а  б е р і л г ш  е д і .  Р е з и н а д а н  ж а с а л ғ а н  к а м е р а  
м е т а л д а н  ж а с а л ғ а н  д ө ң г е л з к т і ң  о б о д ь ш а  р е з и н а м е н  ө н д е л г е н ,  к а р к а с  р е т і н д е  қ о л д а н ы л а т ь ш  
с п и ц а л а р д ь щ   а р а с ы н д а   о р а л ғ а н   п а р у с и н а м е н   б і р г е   к и г і з і і е т і н .   П ж в м а т и к а л ы қ   ш и н а н ь щ  
н з г і з г і   т и і м д і л і г і   т е з   қ а б ы л д а н ь ш   б а ғ а л а н ғ а н   б о л а т ы н .  
1889
  ж ы д ь щ   м а с ы м ы н д а   Б е л ф а с т  
с т а д и о н ы н д а  У и л ь я м  Х ь ю м  в е л о с и п е д  ж а р ы с ы н д а  д ө ң г е л г г і н г  о р н а т ы л ғ а н  п ш в м а т и к а л ь щ  
п ш н а л а р м е н   қ а т ы с ь ш ,   а т а қ т ы   с п о р т   ш е б е р і   б о л м а с а   д а ,   ү ш   з а е з д і ң   ү ш д г і н д е   д е   ж е ң і л п а з  
б о л ы п  ш ы қ г ы .  
1889
 ж ы л д ы ң  с о ң ы н д а  Д у б л и н д а  ш а ғ ъ ш  к о м м е р ц и я л ы қ  к о м п а н и я  а ш ы л д ы .  
О л   « П і в в м а т и к а л ь щ   ш и н а   м е н   в е л о с и п е д   с а т а т ы н   Б у т   а г а т і г і »   д е п   а т а л д ы .   Қ а з і р г і   к е з д е  
« Д а н л о п »   ш и н а л а р   ө н д і р е т і н   і р і   ф и р м а л а р д ы ң   б і р і .
1890
  ж ы л ы   ж а с   и н ж е н г р   Ч а л ь д   К и н г с т н   У э л т ч  п о к р ы ш к а  м е н  к а м е р а н ы   а й ы р у д ы  
ұ с ы н д ы .   П о к р ы ш к а н ы ң   ш е т т е р і н е   и і р м е л і   с а қ и н а л а р д ы   к и г і з і п ,   о б о д қ а   о т ы р ғ ы з у  
қ а ж е т   д е г е н   ұ с ы н ы с   ж а с а д ы .   О б о д   к е й і н   о р т а л ы қ қ а   қ а р а й   т е р е ң д е т і л д і .   С о л   ж ы л ы  
а ғ ы л ш ы н   Б а р т л е т т  п е н   ф р а н ц у з д ы қ   о й л а п  т а б у ш ы   Д и д ь е   қ о л д а н у ғ а  т и і м д і   ш и н а л а р ­
д ы   м о н т а ж д а у   м е н   д е м о н т а ж д а у д ы ң   т ә с і л д е р і н   т а п т ы .   О с ы н ы ң   б ә р і   п н е в м а т и к а л ы қ  
ш и н а л а р д ы   а в т о м и л ь д е р д е   қ о л д а н у ғ а   ж о л   а ш т ы .   А в т о м о б и л ь д е р д е   п н е в м а т и к а л ы қ  
ш и н а л а р д ы   б і р і н ш і   б о л ы п   қ о л д а н а   б а с т а ғ а н   ф р а н ц у з д а р   А н д р е   м е н   Э д у а р д   М и ш л е н  
б о л а т ы н .   О л а р  
1895
  ж ы л ы   ө т к е н   П а р и ж   -   Б о р д о   а в т о м о б и л ь   ж а р ы с ы н д а   о л а р д ь щ  
а в т о м и л ь д е р г е   а р н а п   ш ы ғ а р ы л ғ а н   п н е в м а т и к а л ы к   ш и н а л а р ы   б о л а д ы   д е п   ж а р и я  
с а л д ы   ж э н е   б е р г е н   у ә д е с і н   о р ы н д а д ы .   Ш и н а д а   б о л ғ а н   к ө п т е г е н   ж а р а қ а т т а р ғ а  
қ а р а м а с т а н ,   а в т о м о б и л ь  
1200
  к м   с о з ы л ғ а н   қ а ш ы қ т ы қ т ы   е т і п ,   т о ғ ы з   ү м і т к е р м е н  
б і р г е   ж а р ы с т ы   ө з і   ж ү р і с і м е н   а я қ т а д ы .  
1896
  ж ы л ы   ¥ л ы б р и т а н и я д а   л а н ч е с т е р   а в т о -  
м о б и л і   « Д а н л о п »   ш и н а л а л а р м е н   ж а б д ы қ т а л ғ а н   е д і .   П н е в м а т и к а л ы к   ш и н а л а р м е н  
ж а б д ы қ т а л ғ а н   а в т о м о б и л ь д і ң   ж ү р і с і   м е н   б ө г е т т е р д і   ө т у і   ж а қ с а р а   т ү с т і .   Б і р і н ш і  
ж а с а л ы н ғ а н   п н е в м а т и к а л ы к   ш и н а л а р д ы ң   б е р і к т і к  к о э ф ф и ц и е н т і н і ң   т ө м е н   б о л у ы   м е н  
т е з   м о н т а ж д а у ғ а  к е л м е й т і н д і г і ш   қ а р а м а с т а н   с о л  у а қ ы т   а р а л ы ғ ы н д а  о л а р д ы   қ о л д а н у  
т и і м д і   д е п   ш е ш і л д і .   К е й і н г і   у а қ ы т т а   п н е в м а т и к а л ы к   ш и н а л а р ғ а   қ а т ы с т ы   н е г і з г і  
ж а ң а л ы қ т а р   о л а р д ы ң   б е р і к т і г і  м е н  ө т і м д і л і г і н г ,   м о н т а ж  б е н  д е м о н т а ж д ы ң  о ң а й л ы ғ ы н а  
б а ғ ы т т а л ғ а н   е д і .   Б і р т е к т і  р е з и н а д а н  қ ү й ы л ғ а н   ш и н а н ы  қ а з і р г і   к е з д е г і   п н е в м а т и к а л ы к  
ш и н а м е н  а у ы с т ы р у  ү ш і н  к о н с т р у к ц и я с ы  м е н  ж а с а у  ә д і с і н   б і р т і н д е п  ж а қ с а р т у  ж ө н і н д е  
у а қ ы т  п е н   с о л   б а ғ ы т т а ғ ы   ж ү р г і з і л г е н   ж ү м ы с т а р   қ а ж е т   б о л д ы .   К ө п   а у қ ы т  а р а л ы ғ ы н д а  
ө з   қ а с и е т т е р і ш н  а й ы р ы л м а й т ы н ,   б е р і к  м а т е р и а л д а р  қ о л д а н ы л а т ы н  б о л д ы .   Ш и н а л а р д а  
к о р д   п а й д а   б о л д ы .   К о р д   -   с е р п і м д і   т е к с т и л ь д і   ж і п т е р д е н   ж а с а л ғ а н   а с а   б е р і к   қ а т т ы  
қ а б а т .   X X   ғ а с ы р д ы ң   б і р і н ш і   ж а р т ы с ы н д а   т е р т   б о л т т а р м е н   б е к і т і л г е н   т е з   ш е ш і л е т і н  
д ө ң ғ а л а қ т а р   п а й д а   б о л д ы .   О л   ш и н а л а р д ы   д ө ң г е л е к п е н   б і р г е   б і р н е ш е   м и н у т   і ш і н д е  
о ң а й   ш е ш у г е   ж о л   а ш т ы .   Б а р л ы қ   а ш ы л ғ а н   ж а ң а л ы қ т а р   ш и н а л а р   ө н д і р і с і н і ң   д а м ы -  
т ы л у ы   м е н   ш и н а л а р д ы   а в т о м о б и л ь д е р д е   қ а р қ ы н д ы   қ о л д а н у ғ а   ж о л   а ш т ы .
Қазіргі заман 
ш и н а л а р ы н   ж а с а у д ы ң   н г г і з г і   м а т е р и а л ы   -  р е з и н а   м е н   к о р д   ( ж м е с е  
м а т а   о л   м е т а л л   ж м е с е   н е й л о н   ж і п т е р і к н   д а й ы н д а л у ы   м ү м к і н )   б о л ы п   е с е п т е л е д і .   А л  
р е з и н а  т а б и ғ и   н г м е с е   ж а с а н д ы   с и н т е т и к а л ы к   к а у ч у к т а н   д а й ы н д  а л а д ы .
1 5

Н А У К А   И   Т Е Х Н И К А   К А З А Х С Т А Н А
Ш и н а н ы ң   н е г і з г і   қ ү р а м д а с   б ө л і к т е р і   о л :   к а р к а с ,   б р е к е р   қ а б а т т а р ы ,   п р о т е к т о р ,  
б о р т т а р   м е н   б ү й і р   б ө л і к т е р і   б о л ы п  т а б ы л а д ы . К а р к а с   к о р д т ы ң  р е з и н а м е н   ө қ ц е л г е н   к о р д  
ж і п т е р і к н  т ұ р а д ы .   К а р к а с т а  к о р д  ж і п т е р і и і ң  о р н а л а с у ы н а  қ а р а й  ш и н а л а р д ы  р а д и а л ь д ы  
ж э н е   д и а г о н а л ь д і   б о л ы п   е к і г е   б ө л е д і .
Р а д и а л ь д ы   ш и н а л а р д а   к о р д   ж і п т е р і   д ө ң г е ж к   р а д у ы с ы   б е т і м е н   о р н а л а с ы п ,   д и а -  
г о н а л ь д ы   ш и н а л а р д а   д ө ң г е л е к   р а д и у с ы н а   қ а т ы с т ы   б ұ р ы ш   ж а с а п   о р н а л а с т ы р ы л ғ а н .  
К ө р ш і л е с   қ а б а т т а р д ы ң   ж і п т е р і  
90
°  б ұ р ы ш   ж а с а п   о р н а л а с а д ы .   Р а д и а л д ы   ш и н а л а р  
к о н с т р у к ц и я с ы   б о й ы н ш а   қ а т т ы   ж ә н г   б е р і к   б о л ы п   ж а с а л ы н ғ а н .   С о н д ы қ т а н   т е р б е л і с к е  
қ а р с ы  т ұ р а қ т ы ,   ж о л  қ а б а т ы м е н   ә р е к е т т е с е т і н  д а қ  ф о р м а с ы   ( ә р е к е т г е с у  б е т і н і ң   а у д а н ы )  
т ұ р а қ т а н д ы р ы л ғ а н ,   ж а н а р м а й д ы   ш ы ғ ы м ы н   а з а й т а д ы .   С о н д ы қ т а н   қ а з і р г і   к е з д е   е р к і н  
б ә с е к е   ж а ғ д а й ы н д а   р а д и а л ь д ы   ш и н а л а р   д и а г о н о л ь д ы   ш и н а л а р д ы   ш е г і н д і р і п   т а с т а д ы .
Б р е к е р  к а р к а с   п е н  п р о т е к т о р д ы ң  а р а с ы н д а  о р н а л а с қ а н .   К о р д г ы ң  ( н г г і з і к н  м е т а л л  о -  
к о р д )   б і р н г ш е   қ а б а т ы н а н   қ ұ р а с т ы р ы л ы п ,   к а р к а с т ы   с ы н у д а н   қ о р ғ а й т ы н   б е р і к   қ а б а т .
П р о т е к т о р   ж о л   м е н   ш и н а н ы ң   а р а с ы н д а   б і р і г у   к о э ф ф и ц и е н т ы   р е а л д ы   ш ы н д ы қ  
ж а ғ д а й ы н д а  ж ү з е г е  а с ы р а т ы н  к а р к а с т ы  д е ф о р м а ц и я д а н  қ о р ғ а й т ы н  ш и н а н ы ң  н з г і з г і   ә р і  
с о ң ғ ы  қ а б а т ы .   П р о т е к т о р  қ а б а т ы   а р н а й ы  с у т е р т т е р д і  т а л а п   е т е д і .   О л  қ а б а т  б е т і н д е г і  с у -  
р е т  ш и н а н ы ң  қ а ж е т т і л і г і н г  б а й л а н ы с т ы  ә р  т ү р л і  б о л а д ы .   П р о т е к т о р д ы ң  н г г і з г і  м а қ с а т ы  
ж о л  а у д а н ы  м е н  д ө ң г е л г к  а р а с ы н д а г ы   б а й л а н ы с т ы   ә р  т ү р л і  ж а ғ д а й л а р д а  т ұ р а қ т а н д ы р у .  
Ж о л д ы ң  ү с т і ң г і  қ а б а т ы н д а ғ ы  а п а т қ а  ұ ш ы р а т а т ы н  қ о л а й с ы з  ж а ғ д а й д а р :   қ а р ,  ж а ң б ы р ,   с а з  
б а л ш ы қ  ж ә н г  т . б .   о л а р д а н  ш ы ғ у  ж о л д а р ы :   ж о л  м е н  п р о т е к т о р д ы ң  ә р е к е т т е с у  а у д а н ы н а н  
с у р е т т і ң   д ә л д і к п е н   ж а с а л ғ а н   к о н с т р у к ц и я с ы   м е н   қ ұ д ы қ т а р д ы ң   д ә л   о р н а л а с у ы .   Б і р а қ  
ә р е к е т г е с у   а у д а н ы н а н   с у д ы   п р о т е к т о р   т е к   б е л г і л е н г е н  ж ы л д а м д ы қ т а   ғ а н а   а й ы р а   а л а д ы .  
Ж ы л д а м д ы қ   ө с к е н   с а й ы н   а в т о м о б и л ь   ж ү р і с і   т е ж е л е д і .   С о н ы ң   с а л д а р ы н а н   а в т о м о б и л ь  
ж о л   қ а б а т ы м е н   ә р е к е т т е с у   а у д а н ы н   ж о ғ а л т ы п ,   қ о з ғ а л т у д ы   б а с қ а р у   ә р е к е т і ж н   а й ы р ы -  
л а д ы .   Б ұ л   э ф ф е к т і ң   б а с қ а ш а   а т а л у ы   -   а к в а п л а н и р л ^ .   Қ ұ р ғ а қ   б е т т е р д е   п р о т е к т о р д ы ң  
ә р е к е т т е с у   к о э ф ф е н ц и е н т і н і ң   м ә н і   ә р е к е т т е с у   д а қ   а у д а н ы н ы ң   а з а ю ы н а н   т ө м е н д е й д і ,  
о л   з е р т т е у л е р   п р о т е к т о р с ы з   ш и н а   р е з и н а с ы м е н   с а л ы с т ы р ғ а н д а   ж а с а л ғ а н   ( s l i c k   t i r e ) .  
С о н д ы қ т а н   қ ұ р ғ а қ   к л и м а т   ж а ғ д а й л а р ы н д а   ә с і р е с е   а в т о м о б и л ь   ж а р ы с т а р д а   т е г і с   б е т т і  
п р о т е к т о р д ы  н г м е с е  п р о т е к т о р с ы з  р е з и н а л а р д ы  қ о л д а н а д ы .   Ш е т е л д е р д е   п р о т е к т о р д ы ң  
м и н и м а л д ы   ұ з ы н д ы ғ ы н   қ а д а ғ а л а й т ы н   з а н д а р   б а р   ж ә н г   ш и н а л а р   қ а р т а ю   н г м е с е   і с т е н  
ш ы ғ у   ж а ғ д а й ы н   қ а д а ғ а л а й т ы н   и н д и к а т о р л а р м е н   ж а б д ы қ т а л ғ а н .
Б о р т  п о к р ы ш к а н ы ң  д ө ң т е л е к  о б о д ы н а  г е р м е т и к а л ы қ  о р н а т ь ш у ы н  қ а м т а м а с ы з  е т е д і .  
О л   б о р т т ы қ   с а қ и н а л а р м е н   ж а б д ы қ т а л ы п ,   і ш і к н   а у а   ө т п е й т і н  т ұ т қ ы р  р е з и н а  қ а б а т ы м е н  
ө ң д е л г е н   ( к а м е р а с ы   ж о қ   р е з и н а  ү ш і н )
Ш и н а н ы ң   б ү й і р   б е т і   р е з и н а н ы   б ү й і р   ж а ғ ы н а н   б о л а т ы н   д е ф о р м а ц и я л а р д а н  
қ о р ғ а й д ы .
Ш и н а  ө н д і р у  и н д у с т р и я с ы н ы ң  н е г і з г і  д а м у  б а ғ ы г г а р ы ғ а  к е л е т і н   б о л с а қ ,  к е й і н г і  
ж ы л д а р   а р а л ы ғ ы и д а   ш и н а  ү з ы н д ы ғ ы н ы ң   п р о ф и л і н   қ ы с қ а р т у ғ а   б а ғ ы т т а л ғ а н   ж ұ м ы с т а р  
о р ы н   а л д ы .   П р о ф и л ь   ү з ы н д ы ғ ы н ы ң   е н і н г   қ а т ы н а с ы   ө л ш е м   п а р а м е т р і н і ң   е н і н і ң   с а н д ы қ  
м ә н і   е з г е р і с с і з   қ а л ғ а н д а   т е м е н д е у і   д ө ң г е л е к т і ң   ж а л п ы   ү з ы н д ы ғ ы н   е з г е р т п е й ,   ү л к е н  
д и а м е т р л і   д ө ң г е л е к   д и с к і л е р і н   қ о ю ғ а   ж а ғ д а й   ж а с а й д ы .   О л   ө з   к е з е г і н д е   а в т о м о б и л ь д і ң  
м о т о р   қ у а т г а р ы н   ж ә н г   а в т о м о б и л ь   ж ы л д а м д ы қ т а р ы н ы ң   к ү к н   к ү н т е   ө с у   ж а ғ д а й ы н д а  
ү л к е н  д и а м е т р л і  т о қ т а т қ ы п г г а р  м е х а н и з м д е р і н  о р н а т у ғ а  м ү м к і н д і к  б е р е д і . С о н ы м е н  қ а т а р  
ш и н а н ы ң   б ү й і р і н г  к е л е т і н  д е ф о р м а ц и я  м ө л ш е р і н і ң  а з а ю ы н а  ж а ғ д а й  ж а с а п ,   а в т о м о б и л ь  
ж ү р г і з і л у і н д е г і   ш и н а  р е а к ц и я с ы н   о ң а й л а т ы п ,   ш и н а   қ ы з у ы н   т ө м е н д е т е д і .   Ж а ң а л ы қ т ы ң  
к е м ш і л і г і  -  қ о з ғ а л ы с   ы ң ғ а й л ы ғ ы н   т ө м е н д е т і п ,   ж о л   м е н   ш и н а   а р а с ы н д а г ы   ә р е к е т   а у д а н  
ө л ш е м і н   к ы с қ а р т ы п   с о з а д ы .
1 6

№ 2   2 0 1 0   г.
Ш и н а н ы ң   т е р б е л і с к е   т ұ р а қ т ы ғ ы н ы ң   м ә н і н   а з а й т у   ш и н а   д а м у   ө н д і р і с і н і ң   н е г і з г і  
б а ғ ы т ы   б о л ы п   т а б ы л а д ы .   К е д е р г і л е р г е   қ а р с ы   т ұ р а қ т ы л ы қ   а в т о м о б и л ь   қ о з ғ а л ы с ы н ы н  
п р о т е к т о р ғ а  ж ұ м с а л ғ а н  м а т е р и а л д ы қ  р е с у р с т а р д ь щ  э к о л о г и я л ы қ  ж ә г е  к е р і л у  м ш  с ы ғ ы л у .  
с а р а п т а м а л а р д а н   ө т к е н   м і н с і з д і г і н з   б а й л а н ы с т ы   э к о н о м и к а л ы қ   ж ә н е   э ж р г и я н ы   с а қ т а у  
ж а ғ ы н а н   т и і м д і л і г і   о л а р д ы   қ о л д а н у   м ү м к і н д і г і ж   б а й л а н ы с т ы   б о л а м д а р   а й т ы л у д а .  
M i c h e l i n   к о м п а н и я с ы н ы ң   т ә ж і р и б е л і к   з е р т т е у   о б ъ е к т і л г р і   б о л ы п   е е с е п т е л е т і н   Р г о х і ш а  
п о к р ы ш к а л а р ы   с а л м а қ т ы  
20
  %   д е й і н   а з а й т ы п , т е р б е л і с к е   қ а р с ы   т ұ р а қ т ы л ы қ   к о э ф ф и ­
ц и е н т !  
6,5
  к г / т  д е й і н   қ ы с қ а р т т ы .  
1897
  ж ы л ы   ш ы ғ а р ы л ғ а н   ш и н а л а р д а ғ ы   б ұ л  к ө р с е т к і ш  
25
  к г / т   д е й і н   ж е т е т і н .
С о ң ғ ы   б і р н г ш е   ж ы л   ж е т і с т і г і   б о л ы п   е с е п т е л г т і н   ш и н а д а   а у а   ж о қ   б о л ғ а н   к е з д е   д е  
д и с к і л г р д і   д е ф о р м а ц и я л а м а й   а в т о м о б и л ь д і ң   т о қ т а м а й   б і р н е ш е   к и л о м е т р   ж о л д ы   ж ү р і п  
ө т у   м ү м к і н д і г і   ш и н а   ө н д і р і с   и н ж и н г р л е р і н і ң   с о ң ғ ы   ж е т і с т і г і .   С о н д а й   ш и н а л а р   « r u n  
f l a t »   д е г е н   а т қ а  и е   б о л д ы .   Ж о л д а   б о л ғ а н   а у а н ы ц  ж о қ т ы ғ ы н а н   қ о р ы қ п а й т ы н   ш и н а л а р д ы  
ж а с а п   ж о б а л а у д а   к о м п а н и я   и н ж е ж р л е р і   э р   т ү р л і   ш ы ғ а р м а ш ы л ы қ   с й л а р ы н   т а н ы т г ы .  
М ы с а л ы   « G o o d y e a r »   к о м п а н и я с ы   ө з   ш и н а л а р ы н д а   Е М Т   ( E x t e n d e d   M o b i l i t y   T i r e )   и ы қ  
з о н а с ы н д а   ж а с а л ғ а н   а р н а й ы   т ұ р ғ ы з ы л ғ а н   ш и н а л а р д ы ң   т о л ы қ   ж и ы р ы л у ғ а   м ү м к і н д і к  
б е р м е й т і н   қ с й ы н д ы л а р м е н   ж а б д ы қ т а й д ы .   « M i c h e l i n »   к о м п а н и я с ы   P A X   ш и н а л а р ы н д а  
қ а т г ы   с а қ и н а м е н  ж а б д ы қ т а л ғ а н  с т а н д а р т т ы   е м е с   о б о д т ы   о р н а т ы п ,   а в т о м о б и л ь   ш и н а с ы  
қ ы с ы м ы н  ж о ғ а л т у  ж а ғ д а й ы н д а  а в т о м о б и л ь  с а л м а ғ ы  о с ы  с а қ и н а ғ а  с ү й і н у г е  б е й і м д е л г е н .  
О с ы   ж ә н з   б а с қ а   д а   е р к і н   б ә с е к е ж с т і к   ж а ғ д а й ы н д а   ө м і р   с ү р і п   к е л г   ж а т қ а н   ф и р м а л а р  
ө з   ш и н а л а р ы н ы ң   р е ц е п т у р а с ы н ,   м е х а н и к а л ы қ   ж ә н г   т е х н и к а л ы қ   б е р і к т і г і н і ң   с а п а с ы н  
к ү н і к н   к ү н г е   ж а ң а р т ы п   к е ж д і .
1 7

Н А У К А   И   Т Е Х Н И К А   К А З А Х С Т А Н А
А.К. Ардабаева,  Ю.В. Улихина
С.  Торайғыров атындағы 
Павлодар мемлекеттік университеті
ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЯ 
АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ЖҮЙЕСІНДЕ 
БҮҚАРАЛЫҚ ҚЫЗМЕТ ЕТУ 
ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ТЕОРИЯСЫН  ҚОЛДАНУ
ӘОЖ 621.39:070
В  данной  статье  расмотрена  теория  обслуживания  в 
системе  информационных телекоммуникацй.
The present article is dealing with the service theory o f the infor­
mation telecommunication system.
Қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т у г е  м э л і м е т т е р  к е з е г і  б о л ғ а н д а  б ү қ а р а л ы қ  қ ы з м е т  е т у  ү р д і с і н  м о д е л д е -  
у і  к е л е с і  ө н д і р і с т і к  ж ү й е л е р д е  т и і м д і л і к т і  қ а ж е т  е т е т і н  а н ы қ т а л ғ а н  к е з е г і  б а р  ж а ғ д а й л а р  
к е з д е с е д і   ( ш а ш т а р а з ,   а у р а х а н а д а   д э р і г е р   қ а м ы л д а м а с ы н д а ғ ы   а у р у л а р ,   т ұ т ы н у ш ы л а р  
к е з е г і   н е м е с е   ө н д і р і с т е   а н ы қ т а л ғ а н   қ ұ р а л д а   к е з е к   ж э н е   т . б .   б о л ы   а л а д ы ) .
Б ұ қ а р а л ы қ  қ ы з м е т  е т у  ж ү й е с і  д е п  к е з д е й с о қ  у а қ ы т  м о м е н т і н д е  қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т і л у г е  
м э л і м д е м е л е р  к е л і п  т ү с е т і н  ж ү й е н і  а й т а д ы ,   с о н ы м е н  б і р г е  к е л і п  т ү с к е н  м э л і м д е м е л е р д і  
ж ү й е д е г і   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у   а р н а л а р   с а н ы   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т е д і .
М ә л і м д е м е л е р   к е з е г і   п а й д а   б о л ғ а н   ж а ғ д а й л а р д ы   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у  ү р д і с і н   м о д е л д е у  
ж а ғ ы н   к е ж с і д е й   к ө р с т ^ т е   б о л а д ы .   М ә л і м д е м е   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т і л у   ж ү й е с і н е   т ү с к е н н е н  
к е й і н  б а с қ а  м ә л і м д е м е  ( а л д ы н  а л а  т ү с к е н )  к е з е г і н е  қ о с ы л а д ы .  К е з е к г е  т ү р ғ а н  м э л і м д е м е н і  
қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т у  а р н а с ы  б і р т і н д е п  қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т е д і .  К е з е к т і  м э л і м д е м е н і  қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т у  
п р о ц е д у р а с ы   а я қ т а л ғ а н н а н   к е й і н   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у   а р н а с ы   ж ү й е д е г і   б а с қ а   м э л і м д е м е  
б о л с а ,   о н д а   о н ы   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у г е   к і р і с е д і .
М ұ н д а й   т ү р д і   б ү қ а р а л ы қ   қ ы з м е т   е т у   ж ү й е с і н і ң   ц и к л ы   к ө п т е г е н   р е т  
қ а й т а л а н ы п   о т ы р а д ы .  
С о н ы м е н   б і р г е   к е з е к т і   м э л і м д е м е н і   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у г е  
ж ү й е н і ң   а л д ы н д а ғ ы   м э л і м д е м е н і   а т қ а р ғ а н н а н   к е й і н   к е з д е й с о қ   у а қ ы т   м о м е н т і н д е  
а у ы с у ы н   ж о р а м а л д а й м ы з .
Т е л е к о м м у н и к а ц и я д а  қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т е т і н  а р н а н ы ң  ж ү м ы с ы н  б і р  а р н а л ы  б а с  т а р т а г ы н  
б ү қ а р а л ы қ   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у   ж ү й е с і   д е п   қ а р а с т ы р а м ы з ,   я ғ н и   а р н а   б о с   б о л м а ғ а н   у а қ ы т г а  
к е л і п   т ү с к е н   м ә л і м д е м е   б а с   т а р і у ғ а   т а л   б о л а д ы .   Ж ү й е г е   м ә л і м д е м е   т ү с к е н н е н   к е й і н ,  
ж ү й е н і ң   е к і   к ү й і   б о л а д ы :  
1
  -   а р н а   б о с ,  
2
  -   а р н а   б о с   е м е с .
1 8

№ 2   2 0 1 0   г.
л
1
-----------► ?
•<---------
Т е л е к о м м у н и к а ц и я д а   ж о с п а р л а у д ы ң   н е г і з г і   м і н д е т і   -   т ұ т ы н у ш ы ғ а  
қ ы з м е т  
а т қ а р у ы н   т е з д е т у   ( қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у   и н т е н с и в т і л і г і н   ж о ғ а р л а т у )   ж э н е   қ ұ р а л д а р д ы  
т и і м д і   қ о л д а н у   б о л а д ы .
М ү н д а й   б ұ қ а р а л ы қ   қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е і у   ж ү й е с і н і ң   ж ұ м ы с ы   к ө р с е т к і ш і н   е с е п т е у   ү ш і н  
к е л е с і  с и п а т т а м а л а р  қ о л д а н ь ш а д ы :   А, - ж ү й е г е  м э л і м д е м е л е р  т ү с у  и н т е н с и в т і л і г і ,   ж э н е   ц
-  қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т у  и н т е н с и в т і л і г і .   Т и і м д і л і к  к е й б і р  к ө р с е т к і ш і н і ң  м ы с а л д а р ы :  м э л і м д е м е н і  
қ ы з м е т   к ө р с е т у д е н   б а с   т а р т у   ы қ т и м а л д ы ғ ы ,  
с а л ы с т ы р м а л ы   ө т к і з г і п г г і к ,   а б с а л ю т т і к  
ө т к і з г і ш т і к ,   м ә л і м д е м е н і ң   ж ү й е д е   б о л у д ы ң   о р т а ш ы   у а қ ы т ы .
Б ұ қ а р а л ы қ   қ ы з м е т   е т у   м ы с а л ы   р е т і н д е   т е л е к о м м у н и к а ц и я н ы   қ а р а с т ы р у   м о д е л  
а г е н т і н е   м а қ с а т т ы қ   ф у н к ц и я л а р ғ а   к р и т е р и   р е т і н д е   а р н а   с а н ы   к ө р с е т к і ш і н   қ о л д а н у ғ а  
м ү м к і н   б е р е д і .   К ө р с е т к і ш т е р д і ң   а л ы н ғ а н   м э л і м е т т е р і   ( м о д е л д е у   қ о р ы т ы н д ы с ы н д а  
а л ы н ғ а н )   т е л е к о м м у н и к а ц и я н ы ң   б о л а ш а қ   п е р и о д т а   ж ұ м ы с   ж а с а у ы н а   ж о р а м а л д а у ғ а  
м ү м к і н   б е р е д і .
Б і р а к ,   т э ж і р и б е д е  к ө п т е г е н  ж а ғ д а й д а  б ұ қ а р а л ы қ  қ ы з м е т  е т у  ж ү й е с і  к ө п  а р н а л ы   б о ­
л а д ы .   С о н д ы қ т а н  Б ұ қ а р а л ы қ  қ ы з м е т  к ө р с е т у  ж ү й е с і н  м о д е л д е у  ж ү й е с і м е н  б і р г е  қ о л д а н у  
н а қ т ы   м о д е л д е р ,   қ о р ш а ғ а н   о р т а  о б ь е к т і л е р і н  н а қ т ы   б е й н е л е у г е ,   а к п а р а т  т а л д а у ғ а  ж а ң а  
м ү м к і н ш і л і к т е р   а ш а д ы .
1 9

Н А У К А   И   Т Е Х Н И К А   К А З А Х С Т А Н А

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