Конспект лекций по дисциплине «История языка (англ.)» для студентов специальности «Иностранная филология»

L ventus –→ Gt winds,OIcel. vindr (wind)

L edit → OHG izit, OE iteþ

2. Indo-European u corresponded to u in the root of Germanic languages, if it was followed by u or nasal+consonant, in other cases Indo-European u appeared in Germanic Languages as o:

Lith sunus → OIcel sunr, OE sunu (son)

Celt hurnan → OE horn (horn)

(In certain phonetic conditions namely before the nasal [n] and before [i] or [j] in the next syllable the short Indo-European vowels [e], [i], [u] remained or became close in the following syllable of the roots in Germanic Languages( i.e. appeared as [i] and [u]):

L ventus –→ Gt winds,OIcel. vindr (wind)

L edit → OHG izit, OE iteþ

Lith sunus → OIcel sunr, OE sunu (son)

In the absence of these conditionsthe more open allophones were used: [e] and [o]

L edere → OIcel eta, OE etan (eat)

Celt hurnan → OE horn (horn))

After the changes in Late PG, the vowel system contained the following sounds:

Short vowels: i, e, a, o, u

Long vowels: i: e: a: o: u:

Comparing with other languages German linguistic group shows regular correspondence

between Germanic and non-Germanic consonants. We regularly find [f] in Germanic where other IE languages have [p]:

E full R полный;

Germanic has [p] in non-Germanic languages have [b]:

E pool R болото

The consonants in Germanic look shifted when compared with non-Germanic languages.

In the early 19^th century Grimm formulated the 1^st or Proto-Germanic consonant shift (it is also known as Grimm’s Law).

So according to this law:θ