ВЕСТНИК КазНПУ имени Абая, серия «Исторические и социально-политические науки», №3(58), 2018 г.
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which entails a maximum of 165,000 soldiers. Of this, number the advance-guard and rear-guard consisted of
allied clans and tribes. Next, we must consider the fact that the ruler of the Huns was simultaneously planning
military operations in the East, particularly in the Caucasus, in which he was not personally involved. Ultimately,
all available findings allow us to state that the Hun army amounted to between 100,000 and 120,000 people
during late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages.
In April 451, the Gallic cities of Metz, Tongeren, Speyer, and Reims were all aflame. Paris was in deep
despair. The inhabitants of ancient Lutetia were on the verge of flight. A legend holds that the city was saved by
the extraordinarily brave behaviour of a woman, St. Genovea (4), who later became known as the patron saint of
Paris. From the ‘Vita St. Genovea’, we learn:
At that time, Attila, the king of the Huns, began to ravage the provinces of Gaul. Parisians were frightened of
his cruelty and anger, so they decided to send women and children and some belongings to a safe place. There St.
Genovea turned up and she resolved to persuade women not to leave the city, in which they had been born and
grown up, in the hour of danger and, moreover, to prepare themselves and their men to the defence. St. Genovea
told the women to ask God for help and salvation. They listened to Genovea and decided to stay in the city and
rely on God’s mercy [9].
However, Attila never reached Paris. Having approached Orleans by the left flank, the Huns began their
assault. It should be noted that the city was secured by stone bridges over the Loire and high defensive towers.
Nevertheless, how could Orleans withstand the onslaught of such a formidable enemy?
The sources do not provide reliable information concerning Orleans’ resistance. According to Gregory of
Tours:
having left the town of Metz, Attila, the ruler of the Huns, ravaged many more Gallic cities. He also laid siege
to Orleans and strove to take it by the mighty hammering of battering rams. Now at that time the most blessed
Annianus was bishop in the city just mentioned, a man of unequalled wisdom and praiseworthy holiness, whose
miracles are faithfully remembered among us. And when the people, on being shut in, cried to their bishop, and
asked what they were to do, trusting in God he advised all to prostrate themselves in prayer, and with tears to
implore the ever-present aid of God in their necessities… And they besought God’s mercy with weeping and loud
cries. When this prayer also was finished they looked from the wall a third time at the old man’s command and
saw afar off a cloud as it were arising from the earth. When they reported this, the bishop said: “It is the aid of the
Lord.” Meanwhile, when the walls were now trembling from the hammering of the rams and were just about to
fall, behold, Aetius and Theodore, king of the Goths came up to the city [10, 7].
The Roman army and the forces of the Visigoth Kingdom arrived in time to aid the besieged of Orleans. This,
of course, hindered the Huns in capturing the city. Attila may have raised the siege because he doubted whether
his army would be able to force Orleans quickly, or he may have acted on the advice of an Oracle; the Hun
soothsayers had advised him not to continue the siege. Perhaps Attila was merely seeking a more convenient,
open space to fight.
References:
1 Prosper Tiro. Epitoma de Chronicon, 1364/ - In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH)/ Auctores
Antiquissmi, t. IX, Chronica minora, Vol. I Ed.T. Mommsen, Berolini, 1892
2 Leo Magnus, Epistolae 39, 41, in: Schwarz E., ed. Acta conciliorum oecumenicoru. T. 2, Vol. 4. (Berolini-
Lipsiae,1932).
3 Priscus Panites. Historia Byzantina, fr. 16 - FHG, p. 98.
4 Kalkaman T. Zhumagulov, ‘Data of European archeology on Hun’s history of 4-5 th-centuries’, in
‘Problems of studying and preservation of historical-cultural legacy’. Proceedings of the Republic Scientific-
practical Conference, December 14. 2005, (Almaty: Kazakh Universitety, 2006).
5 Johannes Antiochenus. Fragmenta, 199 - FHG, Ed. C. Mullerus, Parisiis, Didot, 1851, Vol. IV, p. 613-614.
6 Priscus Panites. Historia Byzantina, fr. 16 - FHG.
7 Jordanes. Getica, 184-185. - Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores Antiquissimi. Ed. Th. Mommsen.
Berolini, Weidmannos, 1882.
8 Theodor Mommsen, ‘Aetius’, in G. Kaibel and C. Robert, eds., Hermes. Zeitschrift fur Classische Philologie.
Bd. 36 (Berlin, 1901).
9 Kiinstle C., ed., Vita St. Genovefae (Leipzig, 1910), cap.9.
10 Gregor von Tours, ‘Historia Francorum’’ in B. Krusch, ed., MGH, Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum. (Т.
I, II, Hannoverae, 1884-1885).
Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің ХАБАРШЫСЫ, «Тарих және саяси-әлеуметтік ғылымдар» сериясы, №3(58), 2018 ж.
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