| 1. Indo-European e appeared in the root of the Germanic languages as i in certain phonetic conditions, namely before i, j in the next syllable or before the nasal n:
L ventus –→ Gt winds,OIcel. vindr (wind)
L edit → OHG izit, OE iteþ
2. Indo-European u corresponded to u in the root of Germanic languages, if it was followed by u or nasal+consonant, in other cases Indo-European u appeared in Germanic Languages as o:
Lith sunus → OIcel sunr, OE sunu (son)
Celt hurnan → OE horn (horn)
(In certain phonetic conditions namely before the nasal [n] and before [i] or [j] in the next syllable the short Indo-European vowels [e], [i], [u] remained or became close in the following syllable of the roots in Germanic Languages( i.e. appeared as [i] and [u]):
L ventus –→ Gt winds,OIcel. vindr (wind)
L edit → OHG izit, OE iteþ
Lith sunus → OIcel sunr, OE sunu (son)
In the absence of these conditionsthe more open allophones were used: [e] and [o]
L edere → OIcel eta, OE etan (eat)
Celt hurnan → OE horn (horn))
After the changes in Late PG, the vowel system contained the following sounds:
Short vowels: i, e, a, o, u
Long vowels: i: e: a: o: u:
IV. Consonants
Comparing with other languages German linguistic group shows regular correspondence
between Germanic and non-Germanic consonants. We regularly find [f] in Germanic where other IE languages have [p]:
E full R полный;
Germanic has [p] in non-Germanic languages have [b]:
E pool R болото
The consonants in Germanic look shifted when compared with non-Germanic languages.
In the early 19th century Grimm formulated the 1st or Proto-Germanic consonant shift (it is also known as Grimm’s Law).
So according to this law:θ
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: | 
