Конспект лекций по дисциплине «История языка (англ.)» для студентов специальности «Иностранная филология»

14^th c. Adam Davy’s poems

15 th c. York plays ( Йоркские мистерии) – the plays in which characters are mere mortal people, not God, not saints, not prophets)

13 th c. “Rule of St Benedict”

14^th c. “Cursor Mundi” “Бегущий по свету»- a poem, telling a biblical legend

Richard Rolle of Hampole (Ричард Ролле Хэмпольский) “The Prick of Conscience” («Угрызения совести») – a religious poem

The Scottish dialect:

14^th c.J. Barbour (Барбур) “Bruce” («Брус») – a poem about the national hero of Scotland Robert Bruce, fought for independence of his country.

15 th c. James I (Яков 1) “The Kingis Quhair” («Королевская книга») – collected poems

The development of the Old English vocabulary happened with the help of the internal sources of the language and the interrelations between languages and linguistic groups.

The OE vocabulary consisted of native words inherited from PG or formed from native roots and affixes.

Native words are divided into a number of etymological layers. The three main layers are:

1) common Indo-European words (общеиндоевропейские)

2) common Germanic words (общегерманские)

3) specifically OE words (специфически английские)

Common Indo-European words included names of plants and animals, agricultural terms, names of parts of the human body, personal and demonstrative pronouns and most numerals. OE examples of this layer are: mōna (moon), trēow (tree), beard, broðor, mōdor, þæt (that), twā (two). Some words of this layer are not shared by all the groups of the IE family.

The common Germanic layer includes words which are shared by most Germanic languages. Semantically these words are connected with nature, with the sea and everyday life. The examples of this layer OE hand, sand, eorþe (earth), sinan (sing), rēne (green), fox, macian (make).

The 3d etymological layer of native words does not occur in other Germanic or non-Germanic languages. They are called specifically OE. Some of them were formed from Germanic roots: OE wifman or wimman (woman) consists of 2 roots which occurred as separate words in other OG languages:

OHG wīb OIcel vif NE wife

OE man Gt manna NE man