Task 5 Give the English equivalents: 1) В три раза толще, чем стенки; 2) малый (легочный) круг кровообращения; 3) большой круг кровообращения; 4) кровообращение в системе воротной вены; 5) собственное вещество легких; 6) жизненная емкость легких; 7) наружная серозная оболочка; 8) легкое простирается вверх на 3-4 см над уровнем первого ребра; 9) система органов дыхания.
Grammar: Passive Voice
When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does: My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1981.
It’s a big company. It employs two hundred people.
When we use a passive verb, we say what happens to the subject: ‘How old is this house?’ ‘It was built in 1981.’
Two hundred people are employed by the company.
When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant: A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (somebody stole it, but we don’t know who)
Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? – it’s not important who)
If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by: This house was built by my grandfather.
Two hundred people are employed by the company.
Compare active and passive, present simple and past simple: Present simple
active: clean(s) / see(s) etc. e.g. Somebody cleans this room every day.
passive: am/is/are + cleaned/seen etc. e.g. This room is cleaned every day.
Past simple
active: cleaned/saw etc. e.g. Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
passive: was/were + cleaned/seen etc. e.g.This room was cleaned yesterday.
Present continuous
active: am/is/are + (do)ing e.g. Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.
passive: am/is/are + being (done) e.g. The room is being cleaned at the moment.
Future simple
