Read and translate the Text
CAPITAL
Labour is any work performed for an employer at a negotiated rate while profit
is the surplus which accumulates as a result of productive work. The employer
obtains this surplus after he pays the necessary expense of his business and the wages
of his employees. He may be required to share the surplus with others who have
provided the capital with which he started his business. Most businesses need capital
in order to start productive work, and the capital pays for the accommodation,
machinery and other items which the business needs. There is always an element of
risk in providing capital and starting a business. The business may not be successful.
The employees of the business do not bear this risk, but the employers and the
providers of capital do bear it. If the business is successful, the risk has been justified
and the invested capital earns part of the profits as a return on the investment. The
capital which people provide to help new business is an accumulation of previous
surpluses on previous business activities. In this way the past is used to finance the
future. Such capital is accumulated by a deliberate policy of saving surpluses. This
policy may be personal, or it may be collective. As such, it is common to many
economic systems. A certain part of the profit is "ploughed back" into the system in
order to create capital. In general, capital can be defined as (1) a factor of production
(for example, machinery or cash); (2) the assets possessed by a person, a company or
a nation. Land, houses and shares in a business are capital. All railways, docks,
airports and state funds of money are part of the nation's capital.
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |