Навчальний посібник з граматики англійської мови для студентів та
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24 Unit 4. Look, Read and Remember PAST CONTINUOUS was/were + основной глагол V c -ing окончанием Образование времени Past Continuous: (+) (-) (?) Short answer I He She was reading It I He She was not reading It (wasn`t) I he (What) Was she reading? it Yes, I (he, she, it) was. No, I (he, she, it) wasn`t. We You were reading They We You were not reading They (weren`t) we (What) Were you reading? they Yes, we (you, they) were. No, we (you, they) weren`t. Случаи употребления Примеры Длительное действие, совершавшееся в определенный момент в прошлом. Этот момент может быть определѐн: а) такими обозначениями времени, как at five o`clock – в пять часов, at noon – в полдень, at midnight – в полночь, at that moment – в тот момент;all day long – весь день, all day yesterday – вчера весь день, all the time – всѐ время, the whole evening – весь вечер, from five till eight – с пяти до восьми. б) другим прошедшим действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Simple в) когда два длительных действия совершаются одновременно It was raining at five o`clock. В пять часов шѐл дождь. I was working in the library from three till five. Я работал в библиотеке с трѐх до пяти. It was raining when I left the house. Шѐл дождь, когда я вышел из дома. While he was having his breakfast, I was reading the newspaper. В то время как он завтракал, я читал газету. Намерения, относящиеся к прошлому, с глаголами движения: to come - приходить, to leave –уезжать. Глагол to go при употреблении в Past Continuous (I was going и т.д.) имеет значение собирался, намеревался My friend was glad that I was leaving for the South. Мой друг порадовался, что я уезжаю на юг. I was going to tell him about it, but he interrupted me. Я собирался рассказать ему об этом, но он прервал меня. Past Continuous не употребляется с глаголами чувств - to like, to love; чувственного восприятия - to hear; желания - to want, to wish; умственной деятельности - to know; принадлежности - to belong и некоторыми другими 25 Grammar Activities (Past Continuous) Exercise 1 Choose between Past Simple and Past Continuous 1. I (talk) over the phone when they (bring) me the letter. 2. They (sit) in the room when the taxi (arrive). 3. He (forget) almost everything he (do) that evening. 4. I (visit) Brazil in April. I (stay) at a nice hotel for a fortnight. 5. We (stay) in the hotel where the music (play) in the restaurant day and night. 6. She (tell) me that she (work) all the evening. 7. I (understand) that he (tell) me the truth. 8. When he (enter) the room she (lie) on the sofa unconscious. 9. We (walk) in the forest when we (see) a shabby hut. 10. The accident (happen) when we (drive) to Norway. 11. I (try) to phone you all the time I (stay) at hospital. 12. Celia (be) extravagant. She always (buy) stylish clothes. 13. Dave (learn) Spanish for two years and then he (learn) English. 14. Silvia (have) a hard life but she always (smile). 15. When Mary (clean) the house she (find) some old letters. Exercise 2 Choose the right answer 1. He (have dinner) when I came. A. had dinner B. was having 2. He (have) a lot of colourful books when he was a child. A. had B. was having 3. They (be ill) with small pox almost for a whole month. A. were ill B. were being ill 4. They (be) the hosts of the yesterday‘s party. A. were B. were being 5. I (think) she was really nervous all day long. A. thought B. was thinking 6. I (think) about going abroad never to come back. A. thought B. was thinking 7. She (feel) pain all over. A. felt B. was feeling 8. She (feel) happy at that moment. A. felt B. was feeling 9. All the time he (see to) the work to be done in time. A. saw to 26 B. was seeing to 10. He (see) her crossing the street but then suddenly lost the sight of her. A. saw B. was seeing Exercise 3 Put these phrases in the correct order to make sentences in Past Continuous 1. were working / you / in 2010 / on the dissertation? 2. about / you / was thinking / last night / I 3. about / Mike‘s parents / his school report / very happy / weren‘t feeling 4. Christina / her new CD / in the English lesson / was listening to / yesterday 5. in Madrid / did / living / you / see / was /she / when / Teresa? 6. was writing / the translation / I / all the night / of the article 7. when / you / came in / were doing / what / I ? 8. you / last night / were enjoying / the film? 9. at 11p.m. /when / you / were sleeping / the telephone / rang? 10 were eating / I / entered / suddenly / the room / the cake / they /when Exercise 4 Complete the paragraph by putting the verbs in the correct tense When the band ____1______ (get) together, they ____2______ (not/be) worried about being compared to other bands. It _____3_____ (not/matter) to them because even then they ___4____ (make) music which was very different from anyone else‘s. They all like different type of music, however. When Mark ____5_____ (grow) up in France, he ____6_____ (like) to listen to rock music like The Police and U2. Paul ____7____ (grow) up in Spain. When he ___8____ (learn) to play the guitar, he used to listen to bands like Metallica and Led Zeppelin. Since becoming part of the band, they have been able to meet some of their heroes. Anna ___9____ (meet) Sting at a party but admits she ___10____ (can/not) think of a single thing to say to him! Exercise 5 Complete the text using Past Simple and Past Continuous Michael ____1____ (have) breakfast yesterday morning when the post ____2____ (arrive). He ___3____ (listen) to the radio at the time so he ____4_____ (not/hear) the postman ring the bell. His mother ___5_____ (bring) him an official-looking letter a few minutes later. He ____6____ (open) it, wondering what it ____7____ (can) be. Imagine his surprise when he ___8____ (read) it and ___9_____ (find) out that his application to enter the young musician‘s talent competition had been accepted. That ____10_____ (be) great! Michael ____11_____ (call) his Mum to let her know about it, as all that time she ____12_____ (call) him every day to know the result. She ____13____ (be nervous) and ____14____ (not, can) even sleep. As for Michael, he never____15____ (take) things so close to his heart. 27 Test yourself (Past Continuous) 1. When I arrived they … the cake. A. ate B. eaten C. were eating 2. He couldn‘t speak because he … of laugh. A. died B. was dying C. was dieing 3. The students … to the question when the headmistress came in. A. was answering B. answered C. were answering 4. At six o‘clock I … for Jennie at the station. A. waited B. waits C. was waiting 5. The porter … me when I asked him to do it. A. help B. helped C. was helping 6. When I arrived Tom … on the sofa and … over the phone. A. lied, was talking B. lied, talked C. was lying, was talking 7. When they knocked on the door he … as he … . A. was not answering, was sleeping B. didn‘t answer, slept C. didn‘t answer, was sleeping 8. What … between one and two? I … you several times. – I … the piano and … nothing. A. were you doing, was calling, was playing, was hearing B. did you do, called, played, heard C. did you do, called, was playing, heard 9. They … TV when they … that somebody … the door. A. watched, were hearing, was pushing 28 B. were watching, heard, were pushing C. were watching, heard, pushed 10. They … when they … their car. A. quarreled, were washing B. were quarreling, were washing, C. quarreled, washed 11. Liz‘s elder brother … that he … to enter Leeds University. A. said, went B. was saying, was going C. said, was going 12. Yesterday as I … down Cherry Lane, I … Thomas, an old friend of mine. A. went, met B. was going, met C. was going, was meeting 13. I … a light in your window as I … by. A. saw, was passing B. was seeing, was passing C. was seeing, passed 14. While I … in the queue for the ticket, the bus … the station. A. stood, left B. was standing, left C. was standing, was leaving 15. Yesterday evening he … and … himself badly. A. was shaving, was cutting B. shaved, cut C. was shaving, cut 16. I … at Marry who still … from the cold. A. was glancing, shivered B. glanced, was shivering C. glanced, shivered 17. On approaching to the office he noticed a man who … to unlock the door. A. tried B. was trying C. tries 29 Unit 5. Look, Read and Remember PRESENT PERFECT have/has + V (3 формa) Обозначает: Примеры Действия, завершившиеся к моменту речи We have just discussed this problem. Мы только что обсудили эту проблему. Образование времени PRESENT PERFECT: (+) (-) (?) Short answer I We You have done They I We You have not done They (haven`t) I we (What) Have you done ? they I we Yes, you have. they No, I have not (haven`t). He She has done It He She has not done It (hasn`t) he (What) Has she done ? it he Yes, she has. it he No, she has not (hasn`t). it Случаи употребления Примеры Перевод 1.Действие, результат которого имеется налицо в настоящий момент (в русском языке соответствует прошедшему времени) I have broken my pen. He has left Kharkov. We have finished our work. Я сломал свою ручку. Он уехал из Харькова. Мы окончили свою работу. 2.Вместо Present Perfect Continuous с предлогами since, for (в русском языке соответствует настоящему времени) I have known him for three years. He has been here since 2 o`clock. Я знаю его три года. Он находится здесь с 2 часов. 3.Будущее совершенное действие в придаточных предложениях времени и условия, с союзами after, when, as soon as, until(till), if (в русском языке соответствует будущему времени) After I have read the book, I`ll give it to you. После того, как я прочту эту книгу, я дам еѐ вам. 30 Наречия и сочетания, употребляемые с глаголами в Present Perfect just - только что already – уже (в утвердительных предложениях) yet – уже ( в вопросительных предложениях; ещѐ не ( в отрицательных предложениях) ever – когда-либо never – никогда today – сегодня this week (month, year) - на этой неделе (в этом месяце, году) since - с тех пор, как... for – в течение (какого-то периода) времени Present Perfect or Past Simple? Изучающие язык, часто допускают ошибки, употребляя Present Perfect вместо Past Simple и наоборот, поскольку оба времени выражают прошедшее действие, закончившееся до настоящего момента, и соответствуют в русском языке прошедшему времени глагола совершенного и несовершенного вида. Однако, Past Simple и Present Perfect коренным образом отличаются друг от друга. Past Simple выражает действие, совершившееся в истекшем отрезке времени, констатирует факт совершения действия в прошлом. Past Simple употребляется в повествовании, т.е. при изложении событий, имевших место в прошлом, или в разговоре о прошлых событиях. Present Perfect выражает действие, хотя и совершившееся в прошлом, но связанное с настоящим благодаря наличию его результата в настоящем времени. Поэтому, Present Perfect употребляется не в повествовании, а в разговоре или сообщении, касающемся положения вещей в настоящее время. Present Perfect Past Simple I have finished my work and I am going home now. I finished my work and went home. Я окончил работу и иду теперь домой. Я окончил свою работу и ушѐл домой. The manager has signed the letter. Can you post it at once? The manager signed the letter, and I posted it at once. Менеджер подписал письмо. Не можете ли вы отправить его немедленно? Менеджер подписал письмо, и я отправил его немедленно. - Has the steamer arrived? - No, it hasn`t. - Did the streamer arrive yesterday? - No, it didn`t. - Пароход прибыл? - Нет. - Пароход прибыл вчера? - Нет. 31 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS have/has been + глагол с V – ing окончанием Обозначает: Примеры Уже начавшееся и совершающееся в настоящий момент действие I have been waiting for you for half an hour. Я жду вас уже полчаса. Действие, которое длилось и толь- ко что завершилось - Why are you so tired? - I have been working all day long. - Почему вы так устали? - Я целый день работал. Образование времени Present Perfect Continuous: (+) (-) (?) I We You have been reading They I We You have not been reading They (haven`t) I (What) we Have you been reading ? they He She has been reading It He She has not been reading It (hasn`t) (What) he Has she been reading ? it Short answer I we Yes, you have. / No, I have not (haven`t). they he Yes, she has. / No, she has not (hasn`t). it Наречия и сочетания, употребляемые с глаголами в Present Perfect Continuous all day long - весь день the whole month - целый месяц for – в течение (какого-то периода) времени how long - как долго lately – недавно since - с тех пор Present Perfect Continuous не употребляется с глаголами чувственного восприятия: to hear – слышать, to forget – забывать, to understand – понимать и т.д. 32 Grammar Activities (Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous) Exercise 1 Put the verbs in brackets in Present Perfect 1. I‘m afraid I (forget) my book at home. 2… the secretary (yet/come)? 3. … you (ever/be) to Italy? 4. Kevin (already/leave) for Italy. 5. He is the most handsome man I (ever/know). 6. I (not/hear) from him since he left Paris. 7. Mom (have) a headache since she came from the theatre. 8. Who (have) a holiday? 9. Dad (be ill) for a fortnight. 10. She (never/take) drugs. Exercise 2 Choose between Past Simple and Present Perfect 1. I (wake up) early and (get out) of bed. 2. We (not/have) a holiday last year. 3. My godparents (be) to the USA many times. 4. I (buy) a new sweater last week but I (not/try on) it yet. 5. .. it (stop) raining? 6. I (lose) my glasses. I (have) them when I came to the college this morning. 7. When Jill (finish) school? 8. We (not/see) Peter this week, but we (see) him a couple of weeks ago. 9. My sister and her husband (be married) since last Christmas. 10. My husband (work) in the bank for three years since 1997. Exercise 3 Insert for/since /ago 1. Dad isn‘t at home. He went to the work an hour …. 2. Jill hasn‘t been here … three years. 3. They have lived here … 1998. 4. We haven‘t seen each other … that evening at Mr. Grey. 5. I phoned him two days …. 6. You are late. I‘ve waited for you … 11 a.m. 7. I have never sailed again … that journey. 8. Mr. Pembroke doesn‘t often mow the lawn. He hasn‘t cut the grass … ages. 9. He has worked for this company … April. 10. Our family haven‘t heard from him … five months. Exercise 4 Write sentences in the Present Perfect using the notes 1. Tom finish his project (not yet). 2. Sarah phone her friend (just). 3. The film on TV finish (not yet). 4. My brother swim ten lengths (already). 5. You have dinner (not yet)? 6. Mary show you the gym (yet)? 7. You finish your shower (yet)? 8. We fill in the questionnaire (just). 9. The doctor examine the patient (not yet). 10. I pass the Module test (already). Exercise 5 Write sentences using ever or never 1. Jan / ever / work / as a practitioner? 2. Bella / never / visit / a doctor 3. my friend / never / do / aerobics / before 4. I / never / be / to a health club 5. your parents / ever / go / abroad? 6. I /never / see / the team / play / three times 33 7. Paul / never /break / leg / when skiing 8. ever / you / go / to the night club? 9 no one in my family / ever / ride / bicycle 10. why / never / be / to Paris /you? жүктеу/скачать 3,13 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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