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PART 4 LEXICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDY
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LEXICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDY UNIT 1. LEXICOLOGY AS A BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS § 1. Lexicology as a science Lexicology is the part of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of a language. The term ― lexicology ǁ consists of two Greek words: lexis meaning ‗ word or a phrase‘ (hence lexicos ‗ having to do with words‘) and logos ‗ department of knowledge‘. Thus lexicology is the science of the word. The basic task of Lexicology is a study and systematic description of vocabulary in respect to its origin, development and current use. The general study of words and vocabulary, irrespective of the specific features of any particular language, is known as General Lexicology. Special Lexicology describes the characteristic peculiarities in the vocabulary of a given language. It is clear that every special lexicology is based on the principles of general lexicology. Besides general and special lexicology, we distinguish Descriptive Lexicology and Historical Lexicology. The object of historical lexicology is the evolution of any vocabulary, as well as of its single elements. This branch of linguistics discusses the origin of various words, their change and development, and investigates the linguistic and extra linguistic forces modifying their structure, meaning and usage. Descriptive lexicology deals with the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development. There are two principal approaches in linguistics to the study of language material, namely the synchronic (greek syn - ― together ǁ , ― with ǁ and ―с hronos ǁ – time ) and diachronic (greek dia – ― through ǁ ) approach. With regard to special lexicology the synchronic approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time. The diachronic approach in terms of special lexicology deals with the changes and development of vocabulary in the course of time. The distinction between the synchronic and diachronic approach is due to the Swiss philologist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). But we can‘t artificially separate for the purpose of study what in real language is inseparable, because actually every linguistic structure and system exists in a state of constant development. So the two approaches are interdependent and we must acknowledge both of them, e.g. beggar - to beg. Synchronically the word beggar is a derived word from the word to beg , but diachronically we learn that the word beggar was borrowed from Old French and only presumed to have been derived from the word to beg . жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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