Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
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. The Germanic tribes of which the Angles and Saxons formed part, had been in contact with Roman civilization and had adopted several Latin words long before their invasion into Britain. Among the words of early loans from Latin are such as: wine (L. vinum), colony (colonia), cup (cuppa), pepper (piper), kettle (catillus), chest (cista), street (via strata), etc. To this period belong English geographical names ending in chester, cester or caster: Manchester, Lancaster, etc. (from Latin castrum – a fortified camp). The second layer of Latin borrowings is due to the 7 th century, when the people of England were converted to Christianity. Here belong such words as: altar, chapter, candle, creed, cross, etc. At this period English adopted also some names of many article of foreign production the use of which was brought into England by the Romans, e.g. marble, chalk, linen , etc. Among Latin loans of the second period we also find such words as elephant, laurel, lily, fiddle, palm, pine , etc. 62 Thus since Old English times there has been a gradual but constant adoption of Latin words. This is partly due to two great historical events: the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the Revival of Learning or Renaissance. The influence of the Norman Conquest upon the English language is often called the Latin of the third period . In addition to the great stock of Latin words that had entered English through French, or under its influence, there are a great many words taken directly from Latin without change, e.g. animal, genius, omnibus, nucleus, series, species, senior, junior, etc. The fourth layer of Latin loans includes abstract and scientific words adopted through writing. To this layer belongs the main part of the international element of the English vocabulary: affidavit, bona fide, bonus, impetus, recipe, stimulus, |