THE READINESS OF FUTURE EDUCATORS
TO USE MUSIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL
IN A PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Annotation
The article discusses the future teacher readiness phenomenon to use multifunctional of music
in professional activity. The article actualized the need of this kind of musical education readiness
in accordance with the objective need of renovation and modernized in compliance the modern
achievements of science. The article presented diagnostic tools to determine the initial level of
preparedness, the survey results and the general trends of this phenomenon, pointing to the need for
focused work in this direction.
Keywords: readiness, readiness components, music multifunctional properties.
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T
he convergence of educational content
with the achievements of modern science
is one of the conditions for the implementation
of innovative development model of education
in Ukraine. So scientists review dominant
problems of pedagogical activity, educational
103
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standards and curricula. Unfortunately, this
process hardly touched the musical-pedagogical
training of future teachers, because it perceived
insuffi ciently actual.
Modern
researches
of
medicine,
psychology, musicology and pedagogy indicate
multifunctional properties of music, and it
“impacts on all levels: physical, mental, mental
and spiritual” (A.F. Yafalyan) [5, p. 66]. Defi ned,
the sound vibrations are metabolic processes
stimulant in an organism at the cellular level,
able to increase its resistance to diseases
(N.Zaharova, P.P.Lazarev, S.V.Shushardzhan);
affect the human consciousness, mood, emotions,
and behavior (G.-G.Deker-Voigt, V.Suhorukov,
V.Holopova). Music intensifi es intercentral and
hemispheric interaction stimulates encoded
in language form information process.(AN
Lebedev, TS Knyazev); has a positive effect
on children’s language development and
helps to improve their communication skills
(M.Kalmar, R.Shuter Dyson); children’s mental,
the nature of learning processes (V.A.Rylkova,
M.Spayhiger, L.P.Tregubova, N.Yanovskaya). It
has a therapeutic effect correction (V.I.Petrushin,
K.Rodzhers, S.V.Shushardzhan). Scientists have
proved that every teacher can use music as a
therapeutic agent. Using music does not require
special medical knowledge and complies with
the principle of child psychotherapy − treatment
by
joy
(L.D.Lebedeva,
G.I.Podkopaeva,
Yu.S.Shevchenko). This gives reason to rethinking
the purpose, objectives and content of the
musical-pedagogical training of future teachers
of preschool educational institutions for more
effective use music in preschoolers education
and development. Point is fundamentally new
approach of the future teachers of pre-school
education to the music possibilities as a means
of developing the child natural forces, helping
him to realize the potential of forming beliefs
about the world and his own “I” objectifi cation
needs to self-determination, self-realization, self-
development and self-preservation.
Features training preschool teachers studied
V.I.Loginova, L.V.Pozdnyak, LG Semushina,
V.I.Yadeshko etc. Research questions musical
education of children and prepare students for the
work involved N.A.Vetlugina, A.G.Gogoberidze,
AN Zimin M.N.Koreshkova, O.P.Radynova,
T.P.Tanko, TY Toryanik etc.
The article presents a complex of methods and
research results of the future teachers readiness
to multifunctional use music in professional
activities which have already been fully trained
in the theory and practice of music education
preschool children.
Formation degree of readiness future teachers
to multifunctional using music in a professional
activity determined as:
• personal readiness. Maturity of the need-
motivational orientation system and professionally
signifi cant personal qualities, desire and ability to
musical and educational activities;
• heoretical and methodological readiness.
Maturity music theory knowledge system and
specialized knowledge in methods musical
education (subject-professional knowledge);
• instrumental readiness as a result of skills
formation of multifunctional using music in
professional activities.
Personal component in the structure of future
teachers readiness to multifunctional using
music in professional activity was determined
by the following signs: a strong interest in music
and musical-perceptual experience in the context
of applications; the use of music as means of
optimization the educational and upbringing
process in preschool educational institution.
Theoretical and methodological component
in the structure of future teachers readiness to
multifunctional using music in professional
activity was determined by awareness as
knowledge systems: about the music infl uence
patterns on physiological, psychological and
behavioral levels of human organization;
multifunctional capabilities of the music,
pedagogical potential (revitalizing, developing,
bringing up).
Instrumental component in our research was
defi ned by ability to identify the emotional script
musical composition and musical fantasy skills.
For examination students used written survey
methods (questionnaire, testing) and creative
tasks. Diagnosis of personal readiness carried out
using two questionnaires.
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The fi rst questionnaire consisted of questions
aimed at understanding the musical and
perceptual experience of teachers developed
by NI Evstigneeva [1, p. 208], second - author
profi le, consisted of six questions (fi ve of them
open and one closed type), help to identify the
direction of future teachers to use music as means
of optimization the educational and upbringing
process in preschool. Questionnaire were as
follows: Do you have a musical education (music
school, Music College, music studio)? Did you
take (or do you take) part in amateur school
graduation? What role do you see for the music
in the development of a preschooler? How do
you think you can use the music in a professional
educator activities outside musical education
of children? What kinds of musical activity
can be used in educator professional activity as
means: a) health promotion?; b) emotional state
correction?; c) improve the effectiveness of
educational activities?; g) regime optimization
processes in the group? Are you get necessary
knowledge and skills for multifunctional use of
music to work with children during university
studies?
Processing of personal data carried out by
counting of positive responses (for each sub-
question was assessed as independent question),
which translated into a numerical measurement.
Estimation the level of theoretical and
methodological readiness component of students
of pedagogical universities to multifunctional
using of music in professional activities carried
out by two test items results. The purpose of the
fi rst task was to identify the students’ knowledge
about the music infl uence laws on the human
condition. What positive changes can make
music in the human condition? What negative
reactions can cause the sound of music in the
human condition? What kinds of music have
a therapeutic effect? What kinds of music are
“harmful” to human health? Why?
The purpose of the second task was to identify
the subject-professional knowledge of future
teachers about the pedagogical potential of music.
Students are offered a musical activities list
(musical programs, songs, rhythmic exercises,
playing the children’s musical instruments) with
instruction: indicate for what purpose can be
used every kind of musical activity during class
non-musical content. Also offered two tasks -
musical and creative form to identify the level
of instrumental component readiness future
educator to multifunctional using music in a
professional activity.
The purpose of the third task was to reveal
skills students to identify emotional scenario
musical composition. Musical form includes four
compositions from the “Children’s Album” by
Tchaikovsky: “At the Church,” “The Sick Doll”,
“Baba Yaga”, “Kamarinskaya”. Students are
offered listen musical compositions and establish
accord the number of composition and emotional
conditions specifi ed in the questionnaire form by
arrows (sadness, anger, peace, joy).
Creative task was aimed to musical identify
fantasy skills and ability to play on children’s
musical instruments. Students were offered
examples: a) improvisation on children’s musical
instruments to complement the sounds of music
composition (choice of the Sugar Plum Fairy
Dance from the ballet “The Nutcracker” by PI
Tchaikovsky, “Chunga-Changa” by V. Shainsky,
“In the garden goat, goat “); b) rhythmic sound
tales “The Little House”.
The obtained results of the study were
distributed in the following levels of the future
teachers readiness to multifunctional using
music in a professional activity: the reproductive
level (model activity on the basis of known
copy of knowledge and behaviors ) - 1-2 points;
analytic-synthetic (activity based on analysis and
synthesis of known knowledge and behaviors ) -
3-4 points ; adaptive conversion (activity based
on adaptation and transformation of known and
new knowledge, improving behavior ) - 5-6;
constructive and creative (selfcreative activity
through the development of new solutions and
strategies of their) - 7-8 points.
Experimental work was carried out on
psychological-pedagogical
faculties
of
pedagogical universities of Crimea. Ascertaining
experiment was carried out over three years (CG
1, CG 2, CG 3) to defi ned a certain pattern or
tendency. Experiment covered 486 students of
4-5 courses of full-time and distance learning.
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Components of readiness levels to multifunctional use of music professional activity of future educators (%)
Components of
readiness
Formed levels
Reproductive
Analytic synthetic
Adaptive conversion
Constructive and
creative
КГ1
КГ2
КГ3
КГ1
КГ2
КГ3
КГ1
КГ2
КГ3
КГ1
КГ2
КГ3
Personal
16
15
10
48
50
46
28
25
35
8
10
9
Theoretical and
methodological
40
39
38
35
32
31
22
24
25
3
5
6
instrumental
12
16
19
19
11
14
18
20
18
51
53
49
general readiness
23
23
22
34
31
30
23
23
26
20
23
22
Analysis of the results of the general readiness
of the future teachers to multifunctional use of
the music in a professional activities indicated
approximately equal starting conditions of all
groups and the need for specifi c training in this
issue. The positive aspect is a creative level
of readiness half of all subjects. These results
support the idea that the multifunctional use of
music in professional activities is not diffi cult for
future educators who do not have special musical
education, but are willing to learn new means
and pedagogical support child in development
and impact on the results of this process.
More students to reproductive theoretical and
methodological level of readiness and analytic-
synthetic personal readiness level all subjects,
indicating that music does not fall into the fi eld
of professional tasks and means to carry out
professional activities which readiness future
educators in higher education.
We want to show you analysis of quantitative
and qualitative results of experimental work with
a group of third year of examination (CG 3). It is
interesting to note that the personal readiness of
all respondents indicated that they have a strong
interest in music: 100% of the students like to
listen music at your leisure; also 60%of them -
dancing at parties; 50% - sing in clubs «karaoke»
and «for itself.» However, only 24% of students
sometimes listen music for a particular speed of the
production of didactic material, 8% - Occasionally,
when performing repetitive work (work with the
dictionary, the rewriting of the text).
Of those surveyed, only three students had
unfi nished musical education and only fi ve
participated in a dance studio east dances. Results
of the research showed that the vast majority
of students - 87.5% had a signifi cant role in the
development of music preschooler, arguing his
claim such statements: a positive effect on children’s
overall development, provides comprehensive
child development, contributes to mental and
emotional development of preschoolers, spiritual
exercises development of the child.
Examining in more detail the issue of using
music as a means of optimizing the educational
and upbringing process in preschools found that
more than 70% of future music educators take
primarily a means of increasing the role of the
emotional life of the child, 14% - believe the
music means unloading, rest, 10% - propose
to use music as background during any child
activity, 2.25% - during the story of folk tales
(sing songs, background).
Answers to these questions were the most
similar of all the students who participated in the
survey. All respondents reported «hearing « as a
kind of musical activity, which may be used as
a means of correction of mental and emotional
condition of the child. 9% of the respondents
identifi ed as listening music as a means to improve
the effectiveness of educational activities. 12%
of students found that dancing may be a means of
promoting health, 10% of respondents indicated
that strengthen health as dancing and singing.
Regime concerning optimization processes in the
group expressed their opinion, only 9 % of the
students. These fi gures speak of tunnel vision on
future educators pedagogical potential of music,
at its multifunctional properties.
The question «Are you getting in the process
of training in high school knowledge and skills
necessary for multifunctional use of music to
work with children?» 87% of survey participants
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№1, 2015
said no, 13% - very little, not enough. It is
updated by the need to include information
about the possibilities of multifunctional music
in musical content and pedagogical training of
future teachers and retraining of teachers.
Job results to identify knowledge about laws
music infl uence on the human condition show
that only 6% of the students were able to score
points constructively creative level. The majority
of responses (94%) listed only changes in mental
state and not mentioned effect on somatic health.
For example, in response to the question: «What
positive changes can occur in the human body
infl uence of music?» typical were: gives a feeling
of joy (happiness), soothes, elevates mood,
increases creativity. In this case no explanation
for this phenomenon. Responding to a question
about what negative reactions in the human
body can cause the sound of music, the majority
of students answered depression, sadness,
irritability. In the comments, respondents noted
that a backlash against people producing music
that I do not like (40%), any music that sounds
very loud and long (25%), also «harmful» carried
heavy rock , dominated by low frequency and
chaotic rhythm (35%) .
Most of the students answered the same
type to the third question: «What music have a
therapeutic effect?» 75% of respondents were
limited to indicating the direction in music
«Classic», the rest does not give an answer that
indicates a lack of awareness about the future
tutors recreational and preventative music.
Quantitative indicators of results of tasks to
identify the subject and professional knowledge
about the use of types of musical activity during
class unmusical content indicate that logically
and optimally plan this work can only be all the
same 6% of students. 45.5% of respondents had
diffi culties in defenition a goal of using any kind
of musical activity. It should be noted that in those
occasion when the target has been specifi ed, in
many cases educationally inappropriate. For
example, to use musical programs for the hearing
as a backdrop for the message of new knowledge
in order to mobilize the attention of children. The
hardest part for students was to determine what
purpose in musical activities can use children’s
musical instruments. Only 6% of participants in
the experiment have fi lled this column, indicating
that the string and keyboard instruments can be
used for the development of fi ne motor skills
of children hands, and wind instruments - for
breathing exercises.
By results of musical profi les revealed that
the majority (95.7%) students intuit the nature
of musical fragments and can establish a cor res-
pondence between the nature of musical com-
position and the characteristics of emotional states.
Only 4.3% of respondents felt the musical work by
P. Tchaikovsky «The church» sadness, and in his
work «The Sick Doll» - calm. It should be noted
that the greatest amount of correct answers was
obtained just for the fulfi llment of this task.
When the creative task, 49% of the experi-
ment showed some imagination in musical impro-
visation in children’s musical instruments. For
example, a fragment of the Sugar Plum Fairy
Dance as an accompaniment were offered such
musical composition: bell glissando, rhythmic
«roll» on the fl ute, glissando and dotted tweaks
string psaltery. To the song «Chunga-Changa» was
suggested as an accompaniment to two triplets,
which were performed on the saxophone, at the
end of each phrase; dotted rhythm, which was
carried out on maracas, in the chorus of the song.
During the quest for scoring rhythmic tale
«Tower», the same group of students for every
fairy-tale character secured one or the other
instrument, such as the chamber’s portrayed
xylophone, mouse depicted rustle rattle frog -
hornpipe, bunny - bolls, foxy - lyre or harp, wolf
- plates bear - rattles, or gong bass drum. Fox
voiced often in triple time in a fast or moderate
tempo and fun, and the wolf - a dotted rhythm
(kick metal tassels on the plates).
At the same time 51 % of the students to
the rhythmic sound of tales heroes of a set of
children’s musical instruments orchestra chose
only one tool, always percussion (triangle, snare
drum, castanets) . During the assignment typical
rhythmic «portraits» of animals were observed
following characters: Mouse - quiet non legato
sixteenths; Bunny - quiet staccato eighth; Bear
- loud legato half duration. Rhythmic scoring
heroes like frog, fox and wolf often caused
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diffi culties (students could not determine which
rhythmic pattern justifi ed the characters). It
should be emphasized that while fantasizing
more than half the students in their rhythmic
fi gures did not use the pause.
The results obtained to the readiness of the
future teachers of multifunctional use of music
in professional activities indicate that today’s
students do not possess the theoretical and
methodological knowledge of the pedagogical
potential of music and have no motivation to
his conscious and purposeful use in working
with children of preschool age. Given that the
modernization process of modern teaching
preschool educational institution priority for the
educator determines the holistic development
of the child and considering the pedagogical
potential of music as a means holistic development
of the child, we believe that the model of musical
and pedagogical training of future teachers
should be primarily psychological- pedagogical
orientation, based on the results of current
research in the fi eld of medicine, psychology and
pedagogy of the multifunctional properties of
music, counterpoint its impact on human rights.
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УДК 37.01:39
К.Ш. ШАРИФЗЯНОВА, Ю.Н. ШТРЕТЕР
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