Analysis the power of mechanical losses of ICE and

35 
Table 2 – Power of components of mechanical losses of a diesel
engine 4CH 10.5/12 
Items 
Absolute value 
of mechanical 
losses. kW 
Relative value 
of mechanical 
losses. % 
Cylinder-piston group 
6.5 
39 
Crank-rod mechanism 
4.1 
24 
Pumping losses 
2.4 
14 
Gas distribution mechanism 
1.8 
11 
Pumps (oil + fuel) 
1.5 
9 
Ventilator+generator 
0.5 
3 
General 
16.8 
100 
Analysis of the table data shows that the main losses occur in 
the cylinder piston group and the crank-rod mechanism. 
The results of comparative tests of diesel 4CH 10.5/12 and 
gasoline engine ZMZ-402.10 in the form of absolute values of 
mechanical losses for various components are presented in Figure 1 
[2]. 
 
 
Figure 1 – Power distribution of mechanical losses on the basic parts 
and units of an IC engine: 1 – losses in cylindrical piston group; 2 – 
losses in the crank-rod mechanism; 3 – pump losses due to gas 
exchange; 4 – losses in the gas distribution mechanism; 5 – losses in 
auxiliary units 

36 
Comparison of distribution of components of mechanical 
losses on nodes and units of gasoline and diesel engines (Figure 1) 
shows that they differ insignificantly, and at a diesel engine loss in 
the cylindrical piston group and the crank-rod mechanism are 
slightly higher, and pump losses and losses of the gas distribution 
mechanism are slightly lower. This is due to the fact that the diesel 
engine has a much higher degree of compression. 
The power of mechanical losses of an internal combustion 
engine depends on the speed of its shaft. It is determined on the 
stand, both on the running motor and in the forced no-load mode 
[3][4]. Various methods are used for this purpose: 
1. pressure indication in ICE cylinders; 
2. by sequential disconnection of cylinders; 
3. extrapolation of loading characteristic; 
4. run-out methods; 
5. forced scrolling of the combustion engine crankshaft. 

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