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connected to channels on which gas and air arrives and burning products depart.
For regulation of the direction of movement of gas and air in the furnace, and
burning products to a chimney in channels reversing valves are established.
Steel melting in electric furnaces.
Arc and induction electric furnaces. are applied for melting steel Arc electric
furnaces have bigger distribution, than induction, as cost of melted steel in them
lower.
The share of electrical steel makes about 10 % from the general production of
steel.
Electrical-melting furnaces work at a three-phase alternating current. It is
impossible
to use a direct current, as it causes the electrolysis phenomena in a
liquid bath.
The furnace consists of a steel casing with the spherical bottom, laid out inside
a fire-resistant brick. From above the working space of the furnace is blocked by
the demountable arch with three openings through which graphite electrodes are
passed. Electrodes are fixed in special water cooled electrode carrier and by
means of the special mechanism can rise and
fall thanks to what between
electrodes and the metal bathroom in the course of work supports a certain
distance. The furnace has two basic segments. For a furnace inclination at steel
plum through a trench the turn mechanism is provided.
The electric current
moves to electrodes on a flexible cable from the lowering transformer.
In high-capacity furnaces (more 5t) loading of stork is made from above the
crane, for this purpose the arch becomes the demountable. In furnaces in
capacity to 5t. the arch fixed and loading of stork is carried out through a
working window.
Now arc steel-melting furnaces with weight from 0,5 to 200 t. and more work.
Fig. 3.1. Scheme of the oxygen converter.
1-liquid cast iron., 2-oxygen lance, 3-notch.
4 nozzle., 5 mouth., 6 lining-up, 7-steel casing.
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Fig. 3.4. Scheme electro induction furnaces
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