across, between, below,
against, beside
into, upon, out of, in
front of, after all
ПРЕДЛОГИ МЕСТА, НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ДВИЖЕНИЯ
Места
Направления
и движения
to
towards
between
ПРЕДЛОГИ ВРЕМЕНИ
on
on Saturday - в субботу
on the first of May – первого Мая
in
in March - в марте
at
at seven o'clock - в 7 часов
by
by 3 o'clock - к З часам
from ... till
from 3 till 5 o'clock -от З до 5 часов
since
since 5 o'clock - с 5 часов
for
for an hour - в течение часа
during
during the lecture - во время лекции
after
after the lecture - после лекции
till
till June - до июня
between
between one and two o'clock - между часом и двумя
146
Grammar Activities (Prepositions and adverbs)
Exercise 1 Insert the prepositions at, on, from, of, to or in.
1. I get up … seven o‘clock or … a quarter past seven … the morning but yesterday I got up …
noon.
2. My birthday is … the ninth … July. Yes, I was born … summer!
3. … Wednesday I usually have a lot … work … do.
4. My granny likes getting up … sunrise.
5. The class is to finish … twenty minutes.
6. I began writing my composition … 9 o‘clock and finished only … midnight.
7. … summer my mother doesn‘t go … work and I don‘t go … school.
8. We live … the country, not far … the lake.
9. My Dad goes … work every day. As we live … the country, he has to stay … town … weekdays.
But sometimes he comes … the country after work and goes back …town early … the morning,
when I am still … bed.
10. The young scientist was trying … persuade the professor … the necessity … the experiment.
11. The embankments … the Neva River are faced with granite.
12. It is clear … me that you don‘t know the lesson.
13. I was trying to explain … the teacher that I hadn‘t finished the test yet and couldn‘t hand it …
… him. The surprise … the teacher was great.
14. Would you like a piece … lemon cake and a cup … coffee?
15. The roof … the house was covered with snow which was glittering … the sun.
Exercise 2 Choose the correct answer
1. What are you staring …?
A. in
B. at
C. over
2. I am going … a trip … the morning.
A. on, in
B. in, at
C. up, over
3. Look … her! She must have been … a great hurry!
A. to, without
B. on, of
C. at, in
147
4. She had a warm heart hidden … her fidgety ways.
A. with
B. under
C. over
5. I think you should apologize … your teacher.
A. to
B. for
C. at
6. The wind has blown … some apples … the tree.
A. away, to
B. off, from
C. of, from
7. Sheila could see just a little bit … what was inside.
A. on
B. in
C. of
8. You should try … several boots to choose the best ones.
A. to
B. on
C. off
9. It is too cold … here. Let‘s get warm and have a cup … hot tea.
A. in, of
B. inside, with
C. out, of
10. The memories flooded … him. They had had a lot … fun together.
A. over, of
B. above, with
C. beneath, in
11. The lecture was … Microeconomics. It was important … us.
A. on, to
B. upon, of
C. at, over
12. Just see! He did it … jealousy!
A. from under
B. out of
C. from above
148
Test yourself (Prepositions and adverbs)
1. Pour some tea … my cup.
A. in
B. to
C. at
2. She has dropped her doll … the water and she‘s crying.
A. in
B. to
C. into
3. Don‘t cry … split milk.
A. to
B. over
C. on
4. The teacher wrote the words … the board and the students wrote them … … their copy-books.
A. on, down into
B. at, down onto
C. to, down to
5. Open your books … page 4.
A. on
B. in
C. at
6. The teacher is standing … the board.
A. at
B. to
C. on
7. Go … the board and write the sentence … the board, please.
A. at, in
B. to, on
C. to, into
8. Get ready for the lesson and take things … the bags.
A. from
B. out from
C. into
9. I get up early … the morning and go to bed late … night.
A. at, at
149
B. in, at
C. on, in
10. He lived … the south of Ukraine in his childhood.
A. on
B. at
C. in
11. We have known each other … childhood.
A. from
B. at
C. since
12. He said he would come back … two days.
A. for
B. in
C. through
13. I haven‘t been … France.
A. in
B. at
C. to
14. We tried to speak … him, but he didn‘t want to listen … us.
A. with, for
B. about, to
C. to, to
15. I can show you … the campus.
A. in
B. to
C. around
16. She was walking … the corridor and talking … the phone.
A. in, to
B. along, over
C. in, over
17. While talking … the doctor the patient was complaining … his illness.
A. to, of
B. about, to
C. with, to
150
Unit 23. Look, Read and Remember
PHRASAL VERBS
(фразовые глаголы)
Фразовые глаголы – это глаголы, за которыми следуют короткие слова:
предлоги (например, on, out, in, off, after, for, etc.) или наречия (например,
away, back, over, forward, round, about, through, etc.) Часто эти предлоги или
наречия придают другое значение глаголу, после которого они употребляются.
Например:
The bus was full. We couldn`t get on
.
(Автобус был переполнен. Мы не смогли в него сесть).
Tom is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday.
(Том уезжает завтра и вернѐтся в субботу).
She got into the car and drove off.
(Она села в машину и уехала).
Фразовые глаголы могут иметь больше одного значения:
Например:
This meat has gone off. (It`s bad. We can`t eat it).
(Мясо пропало. Оно плохое. Мы не можем его есть.)
Paddy`s gone off somewhere. I don`t know where. (Paddy`s gone away).
(Педди куда-то ушла. Я не знаю куда.)
Фразовые глаголы могут употребляться without object (без дополнения),
Например:
The plane took off at seven. (The plane left the runway).
We set off for the beach early that morning. (We went to the beach).
Фразовые глаголы могут употребляться with object (с дополнением), которое
имеет два местоположения после фразового глагола:
a) после предлога или наречия:
Take off your coat.
I turned off the light.
Could you fill in this form?
b) до предлога или наречия:
Take your coat off.
I turned the light off.
Could you fill this form in?
Иногда object (дополнение) к фразовому глаголу является местоимением (me
/you /him /her /it /us /them). Местоимение всегда употребляется между
фразовым глаголом и предлогом или наречием.
Например:
Ann`s asleep. Don`t wake her up.
Here`s the money you need. Don`t forget to pay me back.
В некоторых случаях после фразового глагола может идти два коротких слова
(два предлога или предлог и наречие), в таких случаях мы не можем ставить
object (дополнение) между глаголом и этими короткими словами (предлогами
или наречиями), оно будет следовать после них.
Например:
I`m sorry. We`ve run out of coffee. Not We`ve run coffee out of.
(We haven`t got any coffee left).
I`ve have come up with a brilliant idea! Not I`ve come a brilliant idea up with!
(I have had a brilliant idea).
Примеры фразовых глаголов: Phrasal verb: look
151
Look at – смотреть на
Look after – присматривать (заботиться)
Look in – навещать, заходить
Look up – искать, посмотреть что-либо (в словаре)
Look out – Осторожно!
Look for – искать
Phrasal verb: put
Put off= put aside - откладывать
Put on (a coat) – надевать (пальто)
Put away – убирать, прятать
Put down – записывать
Put out – тушить (огонь)
Put up with – мириться
Phrasal verb: come
Come across – случайно встретить, натолкнуться на что-либо
Come along – пойти с кем-нибудь
Come back – возвращаться
Come off – отлететь, оторваться
Come on – пойдѐм
Phrasal verb: get
Get up – вставать, подниматься (I get up at 7 o`clock)
Get together – собираться, встречаться
Get over – оправиться после болезни
Get off – сойти, слезть (I get off the bus)
Get along with somebody=get on – жить, поживать
Phrasal verb: give
Give away – отдавать, дарить, раздаривать
Give out – раздавать (учебники)
Give in – уступить
Give up – отказаться
Phrasal verb: go
Go in for – увлекаться (чем-либо), to go in for sports – заниматься спортом
Go off – гаснуть
Go on – продолжать, идти дальше
Go without – обходиться без чего-либо
Phrasal verb: turn
Turn on/off – включить (выключить)
Turn down – убавлять
Turn to smb for smth – обращаться к кому-либо за чем-либо
Turn into – превращаться
Turn inside out – выворачивать наизнанку
Turn up – появляться
Phrasal verb: run
Run into – встретиться (случайно) с кем-то
Run over – переехать, задавить
Run out of – истощить свой запас
Grammar Activities (Phrasal verbs)
152
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
.
1. Put ............your shoes - it's too cold to walk around barefoot.
2. You must get ........... now or you will be late for school.
3. Sit .........., please. I'll be with you in a minute.
4. Could you write this word ............. for me, please?
5. Don't give ............. singing. You are very talented.
6. Where is the fitting room? I'd like to try........... these trousers.
7. Have you tidied ........... the kitchen, yet?
8. My little sister woke me .......... in the middle of the night.
9. Don't put the vase there, it will fall............. .
10. Adam switched ............ his torch, so we could find our way home in the dark.
Exercise 2. Use the following verbs (believe, fill, get, look, put, switch, take, throw, turn, try)
and the prepositions (away, down, for, in, off, on, out) to form sentences.
1. Quick! .....................the bus. It's ready to leave.
2. I don't know where my book is. I have to ..................... it.
3. It's dark inside. Can you .................. the light, please?
4. ..............the form, please.
5. I need some new clothes. Why don't you ................... these jeans?
6. It's warm inside. ...............your coat.
7. This pencil is really old. You can ............... it .
8. It's so loud here. Can you .................the radio a little.
9. The firemen were able to................. the fire in Church Street.
10. Does your little brother .................ghosts?
Exercise 3. Complete the phrasal verbs according to their meanings in brackets.
1. ....................... your shoes.(Remove)
2. Somebody has to.................. the baby. (See if he is alright and give him everything he needs)
3. She wants to ....................the truth (Discover)
4. Where can I ................... the sweater? (See if it fits)
5. ........................... (be quick)
6. Why don't you .....................? (Take a seat)
7. I will ........................ the train now. (Enter)
8. ........................... the word in a dictionary. (Consult a dictionary)
9. I want to ....................... the form. (Complete)
10. The firemen .............................. the fire.(Extinguish)
153
Exercise 4. Match a phrasa verb in A with its meaning in B
A
B
1.
find out
A. search
2.
look for
B. discover
3.
cut down
C. reduce
4.
look after
D. recover
5. go on
E. be in good relationship with someone
6. run into
F. care for
7. look up
G. stop doing something
8. get over
H. continue
9. get on well with
I. meet someone unexpectedly
10 give up
J. extinguish fire
11. put out
K. search a word in the dictionary
12. give away
L. to become different; to change
13. turn into
M. make the volume less
14. come across
N. suddenly or unexpectedly see something
15. turn down
O. to have other people own your things
Exercise 5. Complete with the appropriate phrasal verb in the correct tense.
1. Alex‘s been __________ his keys for an hour but he hasn‘t found them yet.
2. You have to __________this application form to get a full membership.
3.
The radio is too loud. Can you please_________it___________?
4.
Don‘t worry we‘ll _________ your cat while you are on holidays.
5.
While I was walking down the main street I __________ one of my old friends. We talked about
old days for hours.
6. His was very tired but still he ___________ doing his work.
7. We have __________ sugar! - Yes, I know, I‘m going to buy it later.
8. She decided to _________ the bus and to walk instead.
9. I was trying to find my glasses when I suddenly ___________ my old hat!
10. At 0ºC water ___________ ice.
11. Last year he ____________ almost all his money for charity.
12. You should ___________ the light. It‘s too dark here.
13. The doctor told him that he should _________ smoking.
14. ________ your coat, it‘s going to be cold tonight!
15. One of their group-mates fell ill and the students decided to ________
154
Test yourself (Phrasal verbs)
1.
He finally gave ________ to their demands and found a job
A. in
B. off
C. out
2.
Look _________ ! There is a big dog behind you!
A. up
B. out
C. for
3. She wants to move to another apartment because she doesn't get _____ with her roommate
A. along
B. away
C. through
4.
Don't try to ________ the bus after it leaves the bus stop.
A. get on
B. get off
C. get away
5.
It took my grandfather a long time to ____________his heart attack.
A. get over
B. get off
C. get round to
6. Why don‘t we all ______ for lunch one day during the holidays?
A. get along
B. get together
C. get by
7. Yesterday we _____ of eggs.
A. run out
B. ran into
C. ran out
8. Patrick hates______ early in the morning. Luckilly, he works in the evening.
A. getting up
B. gets up
C. give up
9. He doesn‘t want to _____ with this report. On the contrary, he is eager to finish it.
A. go on
B. give in
155
C. get off
10.
I ____________with the crossword in the end. It was too difficult.
A. gave up
B. get over
C. get on well
11.
We must _________ or we'll be late for school!
A. hurry in
B. hurry up
C. hurry into
12. Julie went to the bookshop to _________a book.
A. look for
B. look after
C. look out
13
It's time for the news. Let's _________ the radio.
A. turn up
B. turn on
C. turn into
14.
He had promised to come, but didn‘t_________
A. turn up
B. turn into
C. turn on
15. He came into the room and ______ his coat _____.
A. took/on
B. took/off
C. took/over
16.
They __________ him when his parents couldn't.
A. look for
B. looked after
C. look at
17. When I was younger I used to ________ tennis.
A. go in
B. go in for
C. go in to
156
APPENDIX 1. Irregular Verbs
Infinitive
Past Simple
Past Participle
Translation
arise [
ǝ'raɪz]
arose ['rouz]
arisen [
ǝ'rɪzn]
возникать, появляться
be[bi:]
was [w
ɔz]/ werе[wǝ:] been[bi:n]
быть
beat [bi:t]
beat [bi:t]
beaten [bi:tn]
бить
become [b
ɪ'kʌm] became [bɪ'keɪm]
become [b
ɪ'kʌm]
становиться, делаться
begin [b
ɪ'ɡɪn]
began [b
ɪ'ɡæn]
begun [b
ɪ'ɡʌn]
начинать
blow [blou]
blew [blu:]
blown [bloun]
дуть; цвести
break [bre
ɪk]
broke [brouk]
broken ['broukn]
ломать
bring [br
ɪŋ]
brought [br
ɔ:t]
brought [br
ɔ:t]
приносить
build [b
ɪld]
built[b
ɪlt]
built [b
ɪlt]
строить
burn [b
ǝ:n]
burnt [b
ǝ:nt]
burnt [bǝ:nt]
жечь, гореть
buy [ba
ɪ]
bought [b
ɔ:t]
bought [b
ɔ:t]
покупать
catch [kæt
ʃ]
caught [k
ɔ:t]
caught [k
ɔ:t]
поймать, ловить
choose [t
ʃu:z]
chose [t
ʃouz]
chosen ['t
ʃouzn]
выбирать
come [к
ʌm]
came [ke
ɪm]
come [к
ʌm]
приходить
cost [k
ɔst]
cost [kɔst]
cost [kɔst]
стоить
cut [k
ʌt]
cut [k
ʌt]
cut [k
ʌt]
резать
dig [d
ɪg]
dug [d
ʌɡ]
dug [d
ʌɡ]
копать
do [du:]
did [d
ɪd]
done [d
ʌn]
делать
draw [dr
ɔ:]
drew [dru:]
drawn [drɔ:n]
тащить; рисовать
dream [dr
ɪ:m]
dreamt [dremt]
dreamed [dri:md]
dreamt [dremt]
dreamed [dri:md]
видеть сон; мечтать
drink [dr
ɪŋk]
drank [dræŋk]
drunk [dr
ʌŋk]
пить
drive [dra
ɪv]
drove [drouv]
driven ['dr
ɪvn]
гнать; ехать
eat [i:t]
ate [et]
eaten ['i:tn]
есть
fall [f
ɔ:l]
fell [fel]
fallen [f
ɔ: ln]
падать
feed [f
ɪ:d]
fed [fed]
fed [fed]
кормить
feel [fi:l]
felt [felt]
felt [felt]
чувствовать
fight [fa
ɪt]
fought [f
ɔ:t]
fought [f
ɔ:t]
сражаться, бороться
find [fa
ɪnd]
found [faund]
found [faund]
находить
fly [fla
ɪ]
flew [flu:]
flown [floun]
летать
forget [f
ǝ'ɡet]
forgot [f
ǝ'ɡɔt]
forgotten [f
ǝ'ɡɔtn] забывать
forgive[f
ǝ'ɡɪv]
forgave[f
ǝ'ɡeɪv]
forgiven[f
ǝ'ɡi:vn] прощать
freeze [fri:z]
froze [frouz]
frozen ['frouzn]
замораживать; замерзать
get [get]
got [g
ɔt]
got [g
ɔt]
получать, достигать
give [
ɡɪv]
gave [
ɡeɪv]
given ['
ɡɪvn]
давать
go [
ɡou]
went [went]
gone [
ɡɔn]
идти, уходить
grow [
ɡrou]
grew [
ɡru:]
grown [
ɡroun]
расти
hang [hæŋ]
hung [h
ʌŋ]
hung [h
ʌŋ]
висеть, вешать
have [hæv]
had [hæd]
had [hæd]
иметь
hide [ha
ɪd]
hid [h
ɪd]
hidden ['h
ɪdn]
прятать
hear [h
ɪǝ]
heard [h
ǝ:d]
heard [h
ǝ:d]
слышать
hit [h
ɪt]
hit [h
ɪt]
hit [h
ɪt]
ударять, попадать
hold [hould]
held [hǝld]
held [hǝld]
держать
hurt [h
ǝ:t]
hurt [h
ǝ:t]
hurt [h
ǝ:t]
причинять вред, боль
keep [ki:p]
kept [kept]
kept [kept]
держать, хранить
know [nou]
knew [nju:]
known [noun]
знать
lay [le
ɪ]
laid [le
ɪd]
laid [le
ɪd]
класть
lead [li:d]
led [led]
led [led]
вести
learn [l
ǝ:n]
learnt [l
ǝ:nt]
learned[l
ǝ:nd]
learnt [l
ǝ:nt]
learned[l
ǝ:nd]
учить
157
leave [li:v]
left [left]
left [left]
оставлять
lend [lend]
lent [lent]
lent [lent]
одалживать (кому-то)
let [let]
let [let]
let [let]
пускать, разрешать
lie [la
ɪ]
lay [le
ɪ]
lain [le
ɪn]
лежать
lose [lu:z]
lost [l
ɔst]
lost [l
ɔst]
терять
make [me
ɪk]
made [me
ɪd]
made [me
ɪd]
делать
mean [mi:n]
meant [ment]
meant [ment]
значить; подразумевать
meet [mi:t]
met [met]
met [met]
встречать
mistake
[m
ɪs'teɪk]
mistook [mis'tuk]
mistaken[mis'te
ɪkn]
ошибаться, неправильно
понять
pay [ре
ɪ]
paid [pe
ɪd]
paid [pe
ɪd]
платить
put [put]
put [put]
put [put]
класть, ставить
read [ri:d]
read [red]
read [red]
читать
ride [ra
ɪd]
rode [roud]
ridden ['r
ɪdn]
ехать (верхом и т.п.)
ring [r
ɪŋ]
rang [ræŋ]
rung [ruŋ]
звонить
rise [ra
ɪz]
rose [rouz]
risen [r
ɪzn]
подниматься
run [r
ʌn]
ran [ræn]
run [r
ʌn ]
бежать
say [se
ɪ]
said [sed]
said [sed]
говорить, сказать
see [si:]
saw [s
ɔ:]
seen [si:n]
видеть
sell [sel]
sold [sould]
sold [sould]
продавать
send [send]
sent [sent]
sent [sent]
посылать
set [set]
set [set]
set [set]
устанавливать
shine [
ʃaɪn]
shone [
ʃɔn]
shone [
ʃɔn]
светить, сиять
shoot [
ʃu:t]
shot [
ʃɔt]
shot [
ʃɔt]
стрелять
show [
ʃou]
showed [
ʃoud]
shown [
ʃoun]
показывать
shut [
ʃʌt]
shut [
ʃʌt]
shut [
ʃʌt]
закрывать
sing [s
ɪŋ]
sang [sæŋ]
sung [s
ʌŋ]
петь
sink [s
ɪŋk]
sank [sæŋk]
sunk [s
ʌŋk]
опускаться; погружаться
sit [s
ɪt]
sat [sæt]
sat [sæt]
сидеть
sleep [sli:p]
slept [slept]
slept [slept]
спать
speak [spi:k]
spoke [spouk]
spoken ['spoukn]
говорить
spell [spel]
spelt [spelt]
spelled [speld]
spelt [spelt]
spelled [speld]
писать или произносить по
буквам
spend [spend]
spent [spent]
spent [spent]
тратить
spring [spr
ɪŋ]
sprang [spræŋ]
sprung [spr
ʌŋ]
вскакивать; возникать
stand [stænd]
stood [stud]
stood [stud]
стоять
strike [stra
ɪk]
struck [str
ʌk]
struck [str
ʌk]
бить; ударять(ся);
бастовать
sweep [swi:p]
swept [sept]
swept [swept]
мести
swim [sw
ɪm]
swam [swæm]
swum [sw
ʌm]
плавать
take [te
ɪk]
took [tuk]
taken ['te
ɪkn]
брать
teach [ti:t
ʃ]
taught [t
ɔ:t]
taught [t
ɔ:t]
учить
tell [tel]
told [tould]
told [tould]
рассказывать; говорить
think [
Ɵɪŋk]
thought [
Ɵɔ:t]
thought [
Ɵɔ:t]
думать
throw [
Ɵrou]
threw [
Ɵru:]
thrown [
Ɵroun]
бросать
understand
[
ʌndǝ'stænd]
understood
[
ʌndǝ 'stud]
understood
[
ʌndǝ'stud]
понимать
wake [we
ɪk]
woke [wouk]
waked [we
ɪkt]
woken ['woukn]
waked [we
ɪkt]
просыпаться;
будить
wear [w
ɛǝ]
wore [w
ɔ:]
worn [w
ɔ:n]
носить (одежду)
win [w
ɪn]
won [w
ʌn]
won [w
ʌn]
выигрывать, добиваться
write [ra
ɪt]
wrote [rout]
written ['r
ɪtn]
писать
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