Часть речи, употребляемая вместо имени существительного
прилагательного, числительного
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯУКАЗЫВАЮТ
ЛИЦО
ПРЕДМЕТЫ
ПРИЗНАКИ
КОЛИЧЕСТВО
Личные
Personal Pronouns
Притяжательные
Possessive Pronouns
единственное число
множественное
число
присоединяемые
(с существит.)
неприсоединяемы
е (без существит.)
1 л.
2 л.
3 л.
I
(я)
You
(ты)
He
(он)
She
(она)
It
(он,она,оно)
We
(мы)
You
(вы)
They
(они)
my
your
his her
its
our
your
their
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
Возвратные
Reflexive Pronouns
Косвенный падеж
Objective Pronouns
I – me
You – you
He – him
She – her
It – it
We – us
They – them
Неопределѐнные
Indefinite Pronouns
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
some, any, somebody,
someone, something,
anybody, anyone,
anything
РАЗРЯДЫ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ
Отрицательные
Negative Pronouns
Обобщающие
Universal Pronouns
no, none, nobody, no one,
nothing, neither
all, every, everybody,
everything, both, each,
either, other, another
Указательные
Demonstrative
Pronouns
Вопросительны
е Interrogative
Pronouns
Относительны
е Relative
Pronouns
Союзные
Conjunctive
Pronouns
this – these
that – those
it, such, same
who (whom),
whose, which
what
who (whom),
whose, which,
what, that
who(whom),whose
, which, what, that
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PRONOUNS
1. Личные:
I, you, he, she, it. we, you, they
2. Притяжательные:
а) присоединяемые
(к
существительным)
б) самостоятельные
(без
существительного)
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
3. Указательные:
this — these, that — those, it, same, such
4. Вопросительные:
who (whom), whose,
which, what (в
вопросительных
предложениях)
" Who's this man?"
"It's Zotov."
" What is this man?"
"He's a doctor."
Which of you is a doctor?
What time is it?
Whose journals are these?
— Кто этот человек?
— Это Зотов.
— Кто этот человек?
— Он врач.
Кто из вас врач?
Который час?
Чьи это журналы?
5. Относительные:
who (whom), whose,
which, that (в
определительных
придаточных)
The actress who played the
leading part was a great success.
The writer whose book we are
discussing now has travelled a
lot about the country.
Here's the letter that (which) I
have just got.
Актриса, которая играла
главную роль, имела большой
успех.
Писатель, чью книгу мы сейчас
обсуждаем, много
путешествовал по нашей
стране.
Вот письмо, которое я только
что получил.
6. Союзные:
who (whom), whose,
which, what (в
дополнительных и
других именных
придаточных)
Do you know which of them will
go on the business trip?
I wonder what they are speaking
about.
He was asked whose lecture they
were going to hear.
Вы не знаете, кто из них поедет
в эту командировку?
Интересно, о чем они
разговаривают.
Его спросили, чью лекцию они
собираются слушать.
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7. Возвратные:
-self pronouns
( myself, etc.)
a) как часть глагола
б) как часть
предложения
с) как средство
усиления (сам)
Не woke up to find himself in
hospital.
Is he angry with herself?
Did you see it all yourself?
They did it all by themselves.
Проснувшись, он увидел, что
находится в больнице.
Онa на себя (самy)рассердилась?
Ты сам все это видел?
Они
все это сделали сами.
8.Взаимные:
each other, one
another
They were angry with each
other.
"What has happened?" people
were asking one another.
Они были сердиты друг на друга.
«Что случилось?» — спрашивали
друг друга люди.
9. Отрицательные:
no, nobody (no one)
none, nothing (в
отрицательных
предложениях)
There are no mistakes in this
paper.
Nobody has ever seen it.
None of them have (has) ever
been there.
В этой работе нет ошибок.
Никто никогда этого не видел.
Никто из них никогда не был
там.
10.Неопределѐнные:
some, any (и их
производные), all,
both, each, every (и
его производные)
other, another, one
If anything unexpected happens,
I shall let you know.
Would you like some tea?
You are both (all) wrong.
Each of them did his share (of
the work).
Every time I see this street I
remember my childhood.
He takes every opportunity of
going to the theatre.
What other stories do you
know?
Here is another story for you.
Если случится что- либо
неожиданное, я дам тебе знать.
Вы хотите чаю?
Вы оба (все) неправы.
Каждый из них сделал свою долю
(работы).
Каждый раз, когда я вижу эту
улицу, я вспоминаю своѐ
детство.
Он использует всякую
возможность пойти в театр.
Какие ещѐ рассказы вы знаете?
Вот вам ещѐ один рассказ.
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Grammar Activities
(Pronouns)
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with a pronoun.
1.
Is this cake for me? Yes, it is for…………….
2. Give………….. a glass of water. I am thirsty.
3. Peter is hungry. Give……….. a sandwich.
4. Is your mother at home? Yes, ………… is sitting in the dining room.
5. Do you know John? Yes, ………….. know him.
6 Do you know Betty? Yes, I know……………
7. The boys are there. Do you want to talk to……………
8. This is my pen. Give…………..to me.
9. Why is she here? Because………..wants to see you.
10. Are those boys English? Yes, ……….. are.
11. This is ...... textbook. I bought it last week.
12. She has just lost ..........purse!
Exercise 2. Choose the correct variant.
1. Be sure that Ann brings ____________ own book.
A. HER
B.THEIR
2. If he calls, tell ____________ that I'll be back in half an hour.
A. HIM
B. THEM
3. Joe and ____________ have been close friends for many years.
A. YOUR
B. ME
4. Did you see Derek and ____________ at the game?
A.HER
B.SHE
5. Between you and ____________ , this politician cannot be trusted.
A.ME
B.I
6. Each person in the room turned ____________ head to the front when the teacher entered.
A.THEIR
B.HIS
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7. We know that we can count on James, Anne, and ____________ .
A.HER
B.SHE
8. Rhonda explained that ____________ and her sister had often eaten at that restaurant.
A.HER
B.SHE
9. Most of the workers were wearing ____________ hard hats.
A.HIS OR HER
B.THEIR
10. It's always best for a student to ask questions when ________ doesn't understand a problem.
A.SHE
B.THEY
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with objective pronouns.
Is he marrying Leila?
Yes, he is in love with …..!
Your son is making a lot of noise!
I‘ll ask …… to be quiet.
Please will you ask Robert to come in.
Sorry, I don‘t know …..
Where are my glasses?
You are wearing ….!
Do you like apples?
I love ….!
Why is he always talking about Liza?
He obviously likes …!
Where is my book?
Oh dear! I‘ve lost ….!
Is that‘s Nancy‘s new boyfriend?
Don‘t ask me! Ask …..!
What is the title of that article?
I‘m afraid I can‘t remember …
Look at John! He seems so happy!
His friends offered …… a guitar for his birthday!
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Test yourself (Pronouns)
1. ... my brother too well to lend him money.
А) He knows
В) Him knows
С) He not knows
2. I looked through your test carefully but I didn't find...
А) some mistakes
В) no mistakes
С) any mistakes
3. You must definitely see...
А) so interestings films about Mars.
В) such informative movie on anatomy.
С) hers new fashion show.
4. ... is much more expensive and prestigious than yours.
А) Mine beautiful new BMW
В) Him new specially built Ford
С) Her miniature sports car
5. ... have discussed the problem thoroughly enough.
А) Professor Thompson and me
В) I and professor Thompson
С) Professor Thompson and I
6. Excuse me, but you shouldn't ask....
А) such a private question about my husband.
В) me so difficult questions on this subject.
С) no questions about hisself.
7. Yesterday the cook was ill and we had to prepare supper...
А) for himself
В) by ourselves
С) myself
8. Excuse me, could you lend me... till Monday?
А) a few money
В) some money
С) any money
9. All the students of our group respect…
А) she
В) her
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С) hers
10. We don't want ... to come to our party next night.
А) no one of their company
В) any of her impulsive friends
С) some of yours relatives
11. My son bought... a brand new stereo hi-fi.
А) herself
В) myself
С) himself
12. When the boy caught the lizard ... broke off in his hand.
А) it's tail
В) her tail
С) its tail
13. Would you like ..., please?
А) some coffee
В) a lot of coffee
С) coffee
14. Do ... questions concerning the lecture on mastication?
А) you have any
В) your have questions
С) you have some
15. I couldn‘t agree less with ... about modern trends of medicine.
А) so extraordinary ideas
В) such stupid and pretentious ideas
С) a lot of strange ideas
16. Practically ... could properly understand how great the discovery was.
А) nobody of the scientist's contemporaries
В) no one of the committee
С) anybody of our group
17. Do you know the man … wrote this article?
А) what
В) that
С) who
18. He will be glad of any help … you can give him.
А) that
В) what
С) where
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Unit 19. Look, Read and Remember
There be (some, any,no)
Употребляется для выделения обстоятельства места или времени.
В предложении сам оборот является сказуемым, а “there” теряет своѐ значение
«там» и не переводится.
Перевод предложения начинается с обстоятельства места или времени, которое
стоит в начале или конце предложения, а сам оборот переводится словами:
«есть, имеется, является, находится».
There are a lot of hospitals in Kharkov.
( В Харькове есть много больниц).
Образование конструкции there be:
Singular (ед. ч)
Plural (мн. ч)
+
Positive
There is a lamp in the room.
There are some pictures on the wall.
–
Negative
There isn`t a lamp in the room.
There is no lamp in the room.
There aren`t any pictures on the wall.
There are no pictures on the wall.
?
Question
Is there a lamp in the room?
Are there any pictures on the wall?
There is/are (present)
There is a good film on TV this evening.
We are staying in a very big hotel. There are 250 rooms.
There was/were (past) There was a good film on TV yesterday.
We stayed in a very big hotel. There were 250 rooms.
There has been/
There have been
Look! There has been an accident.
This road is very dangerous. There have been many
accidents on it.
There will be
Tomorrow the weather will be cold. There will be some rain
in the afternoon.
Неопределѐнные местоимения SOME, ANY, NO (немного, несколько)
выражают неопределѐнное количество или качество
Some – употребляется в утвердительных предложениях с множественным
числом и с неисчисляемыми существительными:
+ There are some books on the table.
+ There is some milk in the glass.
Мы употребляем some в вопросах, когда мы ask (просим) или offer
(предлагаем) что-либо:
? Can you lend me some money? – Yes, of course.
? Would you like some coffee?
– Yes, please.
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Any – употребляется в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях (если в
них уже есть одно отрицание),
с множественным числом и с неисчисляемыми
существительными:
? Are there any books on the table?
? Is there any milk in the glass?
– There
aren‘t any books on the table.
– There isn`t any milk in the glass.
No – употребляется в отрицательных предложениях:
– There are no books on the table.
– There is no milk in the glass.
Производные от SOME, ANY, NO
Для образования производных используются: body, one, thing, where.
Body, one − употребляются для одушевлѐнных существительных;
Thing, where − употребляются для неодушевлѐнных предметов или мест
+
Somebody
− someone
(кто-то, кто-нибудь/ кто-либо, кое-кто);
? −
Anybody
− anyone
(− // − некто −//−);
−
Nobody
− no one
(никто) никого.
+
Something
− (что-то, что-нибудь) всѐ, что угодно, что-либо, кое-что;
? −
Anything
− (− // − нечто −//−);
−
Nothing
− (ничего) ничто.
+
Somewhere
− (где-нибудь, куда-нибудь);
? −
anywhere
− (− // − где-то −//−);
−
Nowhere
− (нигде, никуда).
There is someone in the room.
Somebody knocked at the door.
There is something in her mouth.
Tom lives somewhere near London.
There isn`t anyone in the garden.
Please don`t tell anybody.
It`s dark. I can`t see anything.
Do you have anything in the fridge (to eat)?
I`m staying here. I`m not going anywhere.
There is nobody in the garden.
What did you say? Nothing.
I can find my keys nowhere.
130
Grammar Activities (There be/ some any)
Exercise 1. Open the brackets.
1 .Open the brackets and put the verb 'to be' in the Present Indefinite.
a. There (to be) a fine view from here.
b. There (to be) no knowing when he will come.
c. How many students (to be) there in this group?
d. (to be) there anybody there?
2. Open the brackets and put the verb 'to be' in the Future Indefinite.
a. There (to be) snow on high ground.
b. There (to be) enough for everybody, won‘t there?
3. Open the brackets and put the verb 'to be' in the Past Indefinite.
a. There (to be) a child with her.
b. There (to be) nothing to say.
c. There (to be) not any flowers on the balconies.
d. There (to be) no sign of him in the hall.
e. There (to be) no talking that evening.
f. There (to be) all of them on the bank.
g. There (to be) nothing to do.
h. There (to be) something wrong about the whole situation.
i. Once upon a time there (to be) three wicked brothers.
j. There (to be) circles under her eyes as though she had not slept
4. Open the brackets and put the verb 'to be' in the Present Perfect.
a. There (to be/never) anybody like you.
b. There (to be) a meeting at our plant this week.
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.
How many states are there in the USA?
How many medical universities are there in Ukraine?
How many planets are there in the Solar System?
How many letters are there in the English alphabet?
How many continents are there in the world?
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences.
1. Would you like ______ cake?
2. I'd like ______ more, if there is any.
3. Do you have ______ more cigarettes?
131
4. I don't mind which one I have. I'll be happy with ______ .
5. I don't want them. I don't like ______ of them.
6. I don't like ______ of them but others are OK.
7. Do you know ______ who lives in York?
8. I think I know ______ who lives there but I'll have to check in my address book.
9. I don't trust him. There's ______ strange about him.
10. We don't know ______ about him.
11. I put my glasses down ______ and now I cannot find them.
12. I have no idea where they are. They could be ______ .
13. I have three sets of car keys and I can't find ______ of them.
14. I don't need ______ help. I'm fine.
15. The phone hasn't rung all morning. I haven't spoken to ______ .
Exercise 4. Translate from Russian into English.
1.В коробке ничего нет. 2. Там есть кто-нибудь? 3. Кто-то стучит в дверь. 4. Некоторые из
моих друзей говорят на двух иностранных языках. 5. Некоторые студенты первого курса
сдают экзамен завтра. 6. Он попросил у меня марок, но у меня не было (никаких) марок. 7.
Есть ли у вас (какие-нибудь) интересные книги? 8. Он задал мне несколько вопросов. 9. Он
не сделал (никаких) ошибок в тесте. 10. Вы можете прийти в любое время, которое вам
удобно.
Exercise 5. Complete with there is/are (affirmative, negative or interrogative).
1. …………. a beautiful girl in my class. (aff.)
2. …………..many people in the stadium. (aff.)
3.…………..a restaurant in this area? (int.)
4. …………..many cars in the parking lot? (int)
5. …………..a beach here, but there is a big lake. (neg.)
6. How many apartaments …………… in this building? (int.)
7. ............... any bookshops in the center of this town? (int.)
8. ............... any milk left (neg.)
9. What places of interest ................. in your country? (int.)
10. How much money .................in your wallet? (int.)
11. .................. two teachers in the dean‘s office. (aff.)
12. What .................in the sky? Can you see it? (int.)
132
Test yourself (There be, some, any)
1.
There ____ a lot of people coming.
A. are
B. is
C. any
2. Is there _______ who can help me?
A. somebody
B. anybody
C. are
3.
There ____ a lot of water on the carpet.
A. is
B. are
C. any
4.
I have ___ apples in my bag.
A. an
B. some
C. any
5. I don‘t have _____ friends in Chicago.
A. any
B. some
C. no
6. Do you have _____ brothers or sisters?
A. some
B. any
C. no
7. There is _____ milk in the fridge.
A. some
B. any
C. a
8.
There ____ only one possible answer.
A. are
B. is
C. any
9. There _____ money on my bank account.
A. is some
133
B. are some
C. is any
10. _________ any reasons for this?
A. there are
B. are there
C. is there
11. There _________ food on the table.
A. isn‘t any
B. isn‘t some
C. aren‘t any
12. _______ forgot to switch off the light.
A. anyone
B. someone
C. anything
13. I have ______ to tell you!
A. anything
B. something
C. anyone
14.
We didn't understand ________ the teacher said.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
15. There ____ coffee, tea and juice to drink.
A. is
B. are
C. any
16. There _______ mistakes in your calculations.
A. are some
B. is some
C. are any
17. There ______ two lectures before the module.
A. are
B. is
C. no
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