Unit 20. Look, Read and Remember
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
(Прилагательные и наречия)
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DEGREES OF COMPARISON (
Степени сравнения)
І. Образование степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий:
Положительная степень
Сравнительная
степень
Превосходная степень
1. Односложные прилагательные и наречия (некоторые 2-сложн. с оконч. -у)
old
big
hard
easy
older
bigger
harder
easier
the oldest
the biggest
the hardest
the easiest
2. Многосложные прилагательные. Наречия, оканчивающиеся на -lу
difficult
beautifully
more (less) difficult
more (less) beautifully
the most (least) difficult
the most (least) beautifully
3. Прилагательные и наречия, образующие степени сравнения от разных
основ
good хороший
well хорошо
better лучше
the best самый лучший
the best лучше всего (всех)
bad плохой
badly плохо
worse хуже
the worst самый плохой
the worst хуже всего (всех)
much, many много
much много
more больше
the most наибольший
the most больше всего (всех)
little маленький
little мало
less меньше
the least наименьший
the least меньше всего (всех)
far дальний, далекий
farther более дальний,
более далекий
further более
дальний, дальнейший
the farthest самый дальний
the furthest самый далекий
far далеко
farther дальше
further
the farthest дальше всего (всех)
the furthest дальше всего (всех)
II. Образование степеней сравнения при помощи союзов
a)
than - чем
Не can draw better than I can.
Он может рисовать лучше, чем я.
b)
as... as... - такой же... как...
It is as broad as it is long.
Что в длину, что в ширину. (Что в лоб, что по лбу.)
The kitchen in my flat is as large as the bedroom.
Кухня в моей квартире такая же
большая, как спальня.
As heavy as lead.
Тяжелый как свинец.
As light as a feather.
Легкий как перышко.
As wet as a fish.
Мокрый как рыба.
c)
not as (so)... as - не такой... как...
The Moskva river is not so long as the Volga.
Москва-река не такая длинная, как Волга.
d) the same as – точно такой же (одинаковый)
Ann`s salary is the same as mine. Tom is the same age as George.
Зарплата у Анны точно такая же как и у меня. Том и Джордж одного возраста.
e)
the... the... - чем..., тем...
The sooner the better.
Чем скорее, тем лучше.
The less we know, the more we suspect.
Чем меньше мы знаем, тем больше подозреваем.
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Grammar Activities (Comparison of adjectives)
Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer
You haven‘t got much experience. You should drive ___.
more careful b) more carefully c) the most careful
What is ___ way to the shopping center?
a) more short b) the shortest c) the most short
The test was ___ than we expected.
the most difficult b) difficulter c) more difficult
Fred is ___ person I‗ve ever met
more serious b) the most serious c) more seriously
You should visit your grandparents ___.
more often b) oftener c) the most often
Exercise 2. Insert the appropriate variant.
1. I am ___________ (tall) my sister.
2. My mum thinks that cats are ___________ (good) pets than dogs.
3. Cycling is one of ___________ (dangerous) sports.
4. I want to have ___________ (big) car.
5. A blue whale is ___________ (heavy) twenty-five elephants.
6. You look ___________ (thin) last month. Have you lost weight?
7. Bicycles are ___________ (slow) cars.
8. She is ___________ (nice) person I know.
9. What is ___________ (good) film you´ve seen?
10. Computers are ___________ (cheap) mobile phones.
11. Is your brother ___________ (tall) you?
12. I think Spanish is ___________ (easy) Japanese.
13. Our dog is ___________ (nice) your dog.
14. Glass bottles are ___________ (good) plastic bottles.
15. I think Rafael Nadal is ___________(good) tennis player in Spain.
16. Sharks are ___________ (dangerous) other fish.
17. This situation is ___________ (serious) the last one.
18. He is ___________ (smart) his brother.
19. My brother wanted ___________ (expensive) trainers in the shop.
20. Today is ___________ (good) day of the year.
21. Daniela is ___________ (funny) me.
22. My house is ___________ (large) on this street.
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23. Mount Everest is ___________ (high) mountain in the world.
24. The sea is ___________ (large) a lake.
25. My job is ___________ (easy) yours.
26. London is ___________ (big) city in England.
27. This car is ___________ (comfortable) yours.
28. He is ___________ (rich) man in town.
29. I am ___________ (strong) you.
30. A baby whale gets ___________ (great) a great white shark.
Exercise 3. Translate from Russian into English.
Студент написал тест так же быстро, как и вчера.
Он не такой умный, как он думает
Товары в этом магазине не такие дорогие, как в том.
Возьмите этот чемодан, он не такой тяжелый как ваш.
Я думаю, что он старше вас, но моложе меня.
Это самый умный студент в нашей группе.
Где ближайшая станция метро?
В районе West End находятся самые дорогие магазины.
Хотя у нас были самые плохие места, нам очень понравился спектакль.
Чем раньше мы выйдем, тем меньше он будет нас ждать
Он получил такое же образование, как и ты.
Он не потратил так много времени на перевод этой статьи, как вы.
Это самый трудный вопрос для меня.
Чем быстрей ты напишешь этот тест, тем лучше
Чем меньше ты сделаешь ошибок, тем выше оценка
Он самый высокий в семье
Этот дом расположен дальше всего от центра
Этот студент подготовил самый лучший реферат
Exercise 4. Fill in with as...as.
1. We can run (fast) ................ they can.
2. My mom is (not / strict) ........................your mum.
3. Your mobile phone is (not / trendy) ........................mine.
4. Matrix II was (not / interesting) .....................Matrix I.
5. This yoghurt (not / taste / good) ........................... the one I bought yesterday.
6. I can do (many / press-ups) ................................ you.
7. I (not / earn / much / money) .........................you do.
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Test yourself (Adjectives and Adverbs)
1. Australia is ... of all the countries.
А) the flatter and drier
В) the flattest and driest
С) the most flat and most dry
2. The more populated the area becomes ... it has.
А) more noise
В) the more noise
С) much noise
3. My group-mates speak English...
А) as fluently as I do.
В) fluently than I.
С) so fluent as I do.
4. More students failed their exams... passed them.
А) as
В) as well as
С) than
5. She looked at me so... that I got scared to talk to her.
А) angry
В) angrily
С) more angry
6. Rita plays violin so... that one can't help admiring her.
А) good
В) well
С) better
7. The harder you work ... results you obtain.
А) the more better
В) better
С) the better
8. One of ... tasks we have is to understand spoken English.
А) the difficultest
В) the most difficult
С) most difficult
9. Please, don't speak so...! I can't follow you!
А) quick
В) fastly
С) quickly
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10. Of all the students of our group, Simon is...
А) the least clever
В) less clever
С) the most cleverest
11. The music sounded so ... that I got a headache.
А) louder
В) loudly
С) loud
12. This composition of yours is not ...the previous one.
А) as good as
В) as well as
С) better
13. ... prices in this café prevented us from visiting it.
А) Highly
В) More high
С) High
14. This apple was too small for me and I asked for...
А) a biger one.
В) a bigger one.
С) more big one
15. Yesterday I was absent because I felt...
А) very bad.
В) very badly.
С) worse as ever.
16. He was working ... sitting his exams, that he has overstrained himself.
А) so hardly
В) hard than usually
С) so hard
17. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be … .
А) well
В) good
С) better
18. You look … Have you lost weight?
А) thinner
В) more thin
С) thiner
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Unit 21. Look, Read and Remember
Numerals (числительные)
I. Количественные (Cardinal Numerals):
ударный
teen [ti:n]
неударный
ty [t ]
1
one
2
two
20
twen ty
3
three
13
thir teen
30
thir ty
4
four
14
four teen
40
for ty
5
five
15
fif teen
50
fif ty
100
a (one) hundred
6
six
16
six teen
60
six ty
1000
a thousand
7
seven
17
seven teen
70
seven ty
1000000
a million
8
eight
18
eigh teen
80
eigh ty
9
nine
19
nine teen
90
nine ty
10
ten
11
eleven
12
twelve
Сложные числительные: 21 – twenty-one 99 – ninety- nine
После числительного 100 всегда произносится
and
140 – one hundred
and
forty
Каждые три разряда справа налево отделяются запятой – 3 ,734 или 2 ,720 ,000
Употребление:
Числительные hundred, thousand, million не употребляются во множественном числе:
300 – three hundred; 2,000 – two thousand; 5,000,000 – five million и т.д.
Существительные hundred, thousand, million могут употребляться во множественном
числе: hundreds of birds; thousands of people; millions of books.
II. Порядковые числительные (Ordinal Numerals):
1
первый
one→ first
2
второй
two→ second
3
третий
three→ third
Для остальных числительных
– th
4
четвѐртый
four → four th
11
одиннадцатый
eleven → eleven th
32
тридцать второй
thirty two → thirty- second
245
двести сорок пятый
two hundred and forty-five→
two hundred and forty- fifth
Изменения в орфографии:
8 eight → eighth восьмой
9 nine → ninth девятый
5 – five – fifth 20 – twenty – twentieth
12 – twelve – twelfth 90 – ninety – ninetieth
Номера телефонов:
0 обозначается oh и читается [ ə]
68296 – six eight two nine six
994 0332 – double nine four, oh double three two
(071) 498 2563 – oh seven one, four nine eight, two five six three
v → f
y → ie
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Хронологические даты
Годы
Даты
1649 – sixteen forty-nine
15
th
May, 1948 –The fifteenth of May, nineteen forty-eight
1804
–
eighteen
four
(eighteen hundred and four)
May 15
th
, 1948– May, the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight
1900 – nineteen hundred
May 15, 1948– May, the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight
2006 – two thousand and six 3/4/1992 – the third of April, nineteen ninety-two
April the third, nineteen ninety-two
Денежные знаки и цены:
50p – fifty p (pence)
35p – thirty-five p
100p=£1
£1 – a pound
£1.20 – one pound twenty
£1.50 – one pound fifty
£4.75 – four pounds seventy-five
Обозначение номеров глав, страниц, параграфов, частей книг и т.д.
the first part = part one
the fifth chapter = chapter five
the ninth paragraph = paragraph nine
the twenty-first page = page twenty-one
первая часть
пятая глава
девятый параграф
двадцать первая страница
Обозначение номеров домов, квартир, трамваев, размеров обуви и т.д.
classroom No.15
apartment 10
tram No.5
size forty
Аудитория №15 (пятнадцатая аудитория)
Квартира №10
Трамвай №5
Размер 40 (сороковой размер)
III. Дробные числительные (Fractional Numerals):
Простые дроби
(Common Fractions)
Десятичные дроби
(Decimal Fractions)
½ a (one) half
⅓ a (one) third
⅔ two thirds
¼ a (one) quarter; a (one) fourth
¾ three quarters; three fourths
⅝ five eighths
1½ one and a half
2⅓ two and a (one) third
⅔ ton – two thirds of a ton
½ ton – half a ton
¾ kilometre – three quarters of a
kilometre
– nought point one (point one)
– nought point nought one (point nought one)
2.35 – two point three five
32.305 – three two (thirty-two) point three nought
five
0.25 ton – nought point two five of a ton
23.76 tons – two three (twenty-three) point seven
six tons
В десятичных дробях целое число от дроби
отделяется точкой
В Америке 0 читается zero
Проценты обозначаются:
2% или 2 per cent или 2 p.c.(читается: two per cent)
½ % или ½ per cent или ½ p.c.(читается: a half per cent a half of one per cent).
Математические символы:
┼
plus,
─
minus, × multiplied (by), ÷ divided (by)
2 + 5 = 7 (two plus five is seven); 10 – 8 =2 (ten minus eight is two);
3 ×4=12 (three multiplied by four is/makes twelve);
18 ÷3=6(eighteen divided by three is equal to six).
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Grammar Activities (Numerals)
Exercise 1. Write the numbers and dates.
1. 12th October 1492
2. 12th April 1961
3. 6th March 1876
4. 8,454 km
5. 206
6. 822
7. 824
8. 5,895 m
9. 19,888,000
10. 20th July 1969
11. I live in Tverskaya street 25, flat 69
12.
22.06.1941
13. 2 x 4 = 8
14. 7 + 5 = 12
15 10 : 2 = 5
Exercise 2. In pairs, practice saying these numbers:
2/3 0.7 1¼ 7.8 30% $90 100% 430 2,800 £60 $200, 000
3, 000, 000 9, 250 ½ 9.7 € 600 15 50 3 184 2014 5687 50%
Exercise 3. Complete the numbers.
£ 2.50 two__________________fifty__________
$8.99 eight_______________________________
€3.20 three________________________________
40% forty_________________________________
0.5 nought ___________________________five
3.9 ________________________________________
½ a_______________________________________
1/3 a_______________________________________
¼ a________________________________________
¾ three_____________________________________
6 ½ six_______________________________________
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Exercise 4. Answer the questions with a number, percentage, etc. If you don’t know the exact number,
use about or approximately.
What‘s the population of …..?
your country
your city
What proportion of people in your country ….?
speak good English
have more than two children
have a dog
smoke
How much do these things cost?
a cup of coffee
a laptop computer
a small flat in the centre of city
a newspaper
a DVD
a small car
What‘s the speed limit in….?
in the city
in the motorway
Exercise 5. Write the numbers. Practice them.
_______ thirteen ___________________thirty _________________ seventy-five thousand
________________seven hundred and fifty _________________ seven hundred and fifty thousand
_______________seven thousand five hundred ___________________ seven and a half million
fifteen______________ fifty__________ one fifth__________nought point five___________
two thousand fourteen___________________ two thousand forty_______________________
Exercise 6. Insert the correct ordinal or cardinal numeral
.
There are ________ months in a year.
January is ________ month of the year.
May is ________ month of the year.
There are ________ months in winter.
December is ________ month of the year and ________ month of winter.
There are ________ days in a week: ________ one is Monday, ________ one is Tuesday, ________one is
Wednesday, ________ one is Thursday, ________ one is Friday, ________ one is Saturday and ________ one
is Sunday.
Sunday is ________ day of the week in England and ________ one in Russia.
Monday is ________ day in Russia and ________ in Great Britain.
There are ________ hours in a day, ________ minutes in an hour and ________ seconds in a minute.
September, April, June and November have ________ days. All the rest have ________ except February.
There are ________ days in February except the leap year. It's the time when February has ________ days.
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Test yourself (Numerals)
1. We spell 19 in the following way:
A. ninety
B. nineteen
C. the nineteenth
2. The government spent $24 ______ on education.
A. thousand
B. thousands
C. the thousands
3. ½ is spelled in the following way:
A. a half
B. a quarter
C. the second
4. ________ of people received a small pay rise.
A. hundreds
B. hundred
C. two hundreds
5. ―A quarter‖ is a _______ numeral.
A. cardinal
B. ordinal
C. fraction
6. ―One‖ is a _________ numeral.
A. cardinal
B. ordinal
C. fraction
7. The numeral, corresponding to ―two thousand and nine‖ is _______.
A. 209
B. 2/9
C. 2009
8. The spelling for 7/10 is________.
A. seven ten
B. seven tenth
C. ten seventh
9. The spelling for the 25
th
is _______
A. the twenty-fifth
B. the twenty-fiveth
C. the twenty-fivth
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10. The numeral for one-sixteenth is______
A. 1/16
B. 16/1
C. 1/60
11. The numeral for three hundred ten thousand five hundred thirty-three is________
A. 310 533
B. 301 533
C. 310 053
12. The numeral for ―the sixtieth‖ is ______
A. 60
th
B. 6
th
C. 16
th
13. I don‘t understand the _______ question!
A. third
B. three
C. one third
14. We invited ______ people to our wedding.
A. thirty
B. the thirtieth
C. three hundreds
15. He got ______ place in the conference.
A. firsts
B. the first
C. first
16. You have to answer _____ questions to pass the test.
A. twenty
B. twentieth
C. one twentieth
17. That was your ______ permission!
A. fourth
B. four
C. forth
18. He is ______ year old.
A. eighteen
B. eighteenth
C. eightieth
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Unit 22. Look, Read and Remember
PREPOSITIONS
ПРЕДЛОГИ
ПРОСТЫЕ
ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ
СОСТАВНЫЕ
of, for, in, at,
on, by, to, up
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