Истории и востоковедения
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Word Pronunciation Translation asymmetric, /ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk/ асимметричный adj. beaker, n. /ˈbiːkər/ мензурка, лабораторный стакан behavior, n. /bɪˈheɪvjər/ поведение blanket, n. /ˈblæŋkɪt/ покров, слой, syn. coating, cover calibrate, v. /ˈkælɪbreɪt/ проверять, выверять; калибровать, градуировать coefficient, n. /ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃənt/ коэффициент contract, v. /ˈkɒntrækt/ сжимать(ся),сокращать(ся), суживать(ся), syn. shrink, tighten convenience, n. /kənˈviːniəns/ удобство, syn. comfort curve, n. /kɜːv/ изгиб, кривая expand, v. /ɪkˈspænd/ расширять(ся),распространять(ся), syn. enlarge, vast, widen equilibrium, n. /ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm/ равновесие extremity, n. /ɪkˈstreməti/ конечности flame, n. /fleɪm/ пламя, огонь, syn. blaze, fire flow, n. /fləʊ/ течение, поток general, adj. /ˈdʒenərəl/ общий, основной, syn. basic, fundamental length, n. /leŋθ/ длина 41 mark, v/n. /mɑːk/ отмечать, обозначать, маркировать отметка, обозначение, маркировка oscillate, v. /ˈɒsɪleɪt/ двигаться взад и вперед, колебаться, осциллировать peculiar, adj. /pɪˈkjuːliər/ особенный, своеобразный, syn. especial, unusual place, v. /pleɪs/ ставить, помещать, размещать, syn. put popsicle, n. /ˈpɒpsɪkl / мороженое на палочке scale, n. /skeɪl/ размер, масштаб, шкала shape, n. /ʃeɪp/ форма, очертание shift, n. /ʃɪft/ сдвиг, изменение thermal, adj. /ˈθɜːməl/ теплый, термальный; тепловой thermometer, n. /θəˈmɒmɪtər/ термометр wax, n. /wæks/ воск READING Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary: To discuss the thermal properties of matter, we need to define some general thermal concepts, such as: the difference between heat and temperature, thermal equilibrium, the zeroth law of thermodynamics, and the absolute temperature scale. In everyday language we use the terms «heat» and «temperature» loosely as if they had the same meaning. In physics they have different meanings. Consider the following example. Take a beaker half filled with water and place some ice in it. Put a thermometer in the water and wait till the temperature of the water becomes stable so that the temperature of the water and the ice are the same. Now place the beaker over a Bunsen burner and start heating it. You will notice that the temperature of the water stays the same as long as there is ice left. We all agree that the flame is heating the water but the thermometer says that the temperature does not change. Once all the ice melts, the temperature of the water starts to rise. From this we can see that we need to closely examine our ideas about the meanings of heat and temperature and distinguish them. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles (atoms or molecules). Heat is the amount of energy transferred to a 42 system of particles. In the above examples, we were transferred heat to the system, which in turn melted the ice but the temperature did not change. жүктеу/скачать 1,14 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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