Пәннің оқу-әдістемелік кешенін құрастырушы: Абадилдаева Ш. К
Principles of foreign language teaching
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- 2. Meaningful Learning
| Principles of foreign language teaching.
There are twelve overarching principles of second language learning from which sound practice springs and on which your teaching can be based. Cognitive Principles We will call the first set of principles ‘’cognitive’’ because they relate mainly to mental and intellectual functions. 1.Automaticity The Principle of Automaticity may be stated as follows: Efficient second language learning involves a timely movement of the control of a few language forms into the automatic processing of a relatively unlimited number of language forms. Overanalyzing language, thinking too much about its forms, and consciously lingering on rules of language all tend to impede this graduation to automaticity. What does this principle, which ordinarily applies to adult instruction, say to you as a teacher? Here are some possibilities: (1) Because classroom learning normally begins with controlled, focal processing, there is no mandate to entirely avoid overt attention to language systems (of grammar, phonology, discourse). However, that attention should stop well short of blocking students from achieving a more automatic, fluent grasp of the language. Therefore, grammatical explanations or exercises dealing with what is sometimes called usage have a place in the adult classroom (see Principle #12), but you could overwhelm your students with grammar. If they get too heavily centered on the formal aspects of language, such processes can block pathways to fluency. (2) Make sure that a large proportion of your lessons are focused on the use of language for purposes that are as genuine as a classroom context will permit. Students will gain more language competence in the long run if the functional purposes of language are the focal point. (3) Automaticity isn't gained overnight: therefore, you need to exercise patience with students as you slowly help them to achieve fluency. 2. Meaningful Learning The Principle of Meaningful Learning is quite simply stated: Meaningful learning will lead toward better long-term retention than rote learning. Some classroom implications of the Principle of Meaningful Learning: (1) Capitalize on the power of meaningful learning by appealing to students' interests, academic goals, and career goals. (2) Whenever a new topic or concept is introduced, attempt to anchor it in students' existing knowledge and background so that it gets associated with something they already know. (3) Avoid the pitfalls of rote learning: (a) too much grammar explanation (b) too many abstract principles and theories (c) too much drilling and/or memorization (d) activities whose purposes are not clear (e) activities that do not contribute to accomplishing the goals of the lesson or unit or course (f) techniques that are so mechanical or tricky that Ss get centered on the mechanics instead of the language or meanings. жүктеу/скачать 1,59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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