Пәннің оқу-әдістемелік кешенін құрастырушы: Абадилдаева Ш. К
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- 5. Complexity
- 7. Formality
- Microskills for Writing
| 4. Orthography
Everything from simple greetings to extremely complex ideas are captured through the manipulation of a few dozen letters and other written symbols. Sometimes we take for granted the mastering of the mechanics of English writing by our students. If students are non-literate in the native language, you must begin at the very beginning with fundamentals of reading and writing. For literate students, if their native language system is not alphabetic, new symbols have to be produced by hands that may have gotten too accustomed to another system. If the native language has a different phoneme-grapheme system, then some attention is due here, 5. Complexity Writers must learn how to remove redundancy, how to combine sentences, how to make references to other elements in a text, how to create syntactic and lexical variety, and much more. 6. Vocabulary As we noted in Chapter 16, writing places a heavier demand on vocabulary use than does speaking. Good writers will learn to take advantage of the richness of English vocabulary. 7. Formality Whether a student is filling out a questionnaire or writing a full-blown essay, the conventions of each form must be followed. For ESL students, the most difficult and complex conventions occur in academic writing where students have to learn how to describe, explain, compare, contrast, illustrate, defend, criticize, and argue. Microskills for Writing 1. Produce graphemes and orthographic patterns of English. 2. Produce writing at an efficient rate of speed to suit the purpose. 3. Produce an acceptable core of words and use appropriate word order patterns. 4. Use acceptable grammatical systems (e.g., tense, agreement, pluraliza-tion), patterns, and rules. 5. Express a particular meaning in different grammatical forms. 6. Use cohesive devices in written discourse. 7. Use the rhetorical forms and conventions of written discourse. 8. Appropriately accomplish the communicative functions of written texts according to form and purpose. 9. Convey links and connections between events and communicate such relations as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplification. 10. Distinguish between literal and implied meanings when writing. 11. Correctly convey culturally specific references in the context of the written text. 12. Develop and use a battery of writing strategies, such as accurately assessing the audience's interpretation, using pre-writing devices, writing with fluency in the first drafts, using paraphrases and synonyms, soliciting peer and instructor feedback, and using feedback for revising and editing. жүктеу/скачать 1,59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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