The positive side of authoritarian leadership is efficiency in managing subordinates. The rigid system of
"order-execution" is often effective in emergency situations when there is a need to take responsibility for the
decision, and to quickly and accurately make it a reality.
This type of guidance is only acceptable in groups where there are problems with labor discipline. Studies
show that the head's absence at his workplace leads automatically to a drop in productivity.
Democratic style is opposite to the authoritarian leadership. The scientific and technological revolution
has largely changed the previous situation. The machine begins to perform most types of physical work and
chores related to mental, under the control of these same machines. This, according to MacGregor, inevitably
leads to a change in people's attitudes to their work [1].
Now expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as, for example, play or rest, so even
a simple person should not have a sense of aversion to work. Last, under appropriate conditions can and
should be a source of satisfaction, rather than punishment, which people tried to escape. Her voluntary
compliance makes it unnecessary coercion and external control. A person can manage their own activities,
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directing it to achieve this goal, the achievement of which in itself becomes a reward for their efforts.
According to McGregor, a normal person normally is ready to take not only the responsibility, but also
looking for it; the desire to avoid the lack of ambition of the latter, concern about personal security is only a
consequence of the influence of reality, rather than the specifics of human nature.
Most people, according to McGregor, have a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, creativity,
which can be successfully applied in the interest of the organization, the more that the real potential of the
human today is used only marginally.
The organization, which is dominated by the democratic management style, is characterized by a high
degree of decentralization, the active participation of employees in decision making, the creation of
conditions under which the performance of official duties is for them attractive, and the success is the
reward.
The democratic leadership style appeals to higher levels of needs. The present democratic leaders trying
to do the duties of subordinates more attractive, avoid imposing their will, it involves decision making,
provides the freedom to formulate their own goals based on the organization's goals, which increases the
motivation to work, and at the same time provides a fairly tight control over them. Thus, the Democratic
leadership is characterized by the separation of powers and the participation of workers in management.
A democratic leadership style also identifies two forms: "advisory" and "participatory". As part of the
"advisory" head though not completely, but largely trusts subordinates, is interested in their opinions, moods,
consults with them, seeking to use the best of what they offer. Among the incentives is dominated by the
promotion, and the punishment is used only in exceptional cases. The employees are generally satisfied with
such a system of management and usually try to give their boss help and support [3].
"Participatory" form of democratic governance suggests that managers have complete trust in
subordinates in all matters (and they will respond in kind), always listen to them, and use all the constructive
proposals involve them in setting goals and monitoring, which allows them not to feel like pawns. All that
unites the team.
The democratic leadership style is usually applied in the case when the performers are well, sometimes
better than leaders, versed in the intricacies of the work and can make it a lot of innovation and creativity.
Studies have shown that under the authoritarian leadership style can be done twice more work than in a
democratic, but its quality, originality, novelty, the presence of elements of creativity will be on the same
order of magnitude lower. From this we can conclude that an authoritarian style is preferred for easier
management activities focused on the quantitative results, and democratic - complex, where the quality takes
the first place.
But where it comes to the need to stimulate creative performers to solving problems, most preferred is a
liberal style of management. Its essence lies in the fact that the leader confronts performer’s problem, creates
the necessary organizational conditions for their work, determines its rules, sets the boundary of the solution,
and he fades into the background, leaving behind functions as a consultant, arbitrator, expert, assessing the
results.
T. I. Shamova notes that a head with democratic style tends to attract employees to the strategic
objectives of the school, encourages initiative. Naturally, with this style of leadership it is necessary to apply
an individual approach to employees. For this purpose it is necessary to be a good psychologist, have not
only the personal information, but also to be able to "take" it from personal communication [2].
The Chiefs are respectful to employees, without allowing public and private offensive remarks against
them. In contrast to the authoritarians they may share some of his powers to his deputies, not perceiving it as
an attack on the government. Instead of the "order-execution" is the primary method of management
recommendations, requests advice. Head constantly monitors their implementation in the case of deviations
from the proper course gently corrects the employee. In this type of leadership the existence of "clandestine
opposition" and approximate groups difficult.
But robustness, sufficiently professional and disciplined team, plus the emotional maturity, balance and
compromise, tact and interpersonal skills of leader are required for the successful implementation of
democratic leadership.
In a conflict situation the head of this style tends to identify all alternative points of view of the parties, it
encourages full disclosure of all information relating to the causes and nature of the conflict. Moreover, its
resolution is on the path making the most convincing viewpoint regardless of its carrier and the root of the
conflict detection. As a result, when this style works a transition is possible to a new level of interaction
when there is a completely new result. But all this is possible with a well-established organization.
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