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Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen is a very widely distributed clement. It is found in most o f
the substanccs that constitute living matter, and in many inorganic
substanccs. There arc more compounds of hydrogen known than of any
other element.
Free hydrogen, H2, is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas. It is the
lightest of all gases, its density is about one-fourteenth that of air. Its melting
point (-259°C or 14K) and boiling point (-252.7°C) arc very low, only those
of helium arc lower. Liquid hydrogen, with density 0.070 g/cnr\ is the tightest
of all liquids. Crystalline hydrogen, with density 0.088 g/cm*\ is also the
lightest of all crystalline substanccs. Hydrogen is very slightly soluble in
water, 1 litre of water at 0°C dissolves only 21.5 ml
of hydrogen gas under
1
-atm pressure. The solubility decreases with increasing temperature, and
increases with the increase in the pressure of the gas.
In the laboratory, hydrogen is easily made by the reaction of an acid
such as sulphuric acid, H
2
S 0 4, with a metal such as zinc. The equation for
the reaction is:
H
2
S 0
4
(aq) + Zn(c) -» ZnS0
4
(aq) + H
2
(g).
Sometimes hydrogen is prepared by the reaction o f some metals with
water or steam. Sodium and the other alkali metals react very vigorously
with water, so vigorously as to generate enough heat to ignite the liberated
hydrogen. An alloy of lead and sodium, which reacts less vigorously, is
sometimes used for the preparation of hydrogen.
Much of the hydrogen that is used in industry is produced by the
reaction of iron with steam. The steam from a boiler is passed over iron
filings heated to a temperature of about 600°C. The reaction that occurs is
3Fc(c) + 4H
2
0(g) -»
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