Biology
Recycling race
Draw a recycling symbol (usually 3 arrows in a circle or triangle shape) on the
board or draw a picture of a recycling container. Discuss the topic of recycling as a
group before you begin. If appropriate, ask some or all of these questions:
What do you recycle?
How does the system work?
Do you think it’s a good idea to recycle?
What types of materials can be recycled?
When you have elicited the different materials, draw the five columns on the
board and put the headings paper / wood, glass, metal, plastic, organic and put
students in teams of three or four. You give a letter (or flick through a dictionary and
ask a student to say ‘stop’ to decide randomly on a letter. In their groups students
think of one item made of the material in each column that begins with the given
letter. (See example below)
Work in teams to think of things to put in the recycling columns. The words
must all begin with the letter your teacher gives you.
Paper/Wood
Plastic
Metal
Glass
Organic
B Book
Bin
Bicycle
Bulb
Banana
Role-play- requires students to:
• take on a role (imagine they are someone else)
• imagine a situation (pretend they are in another time and place)
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• improvise in their choice of language.
Law
Students role-play a court trial and try to reach a verdict on both cases.
Next steps in preparing for ESP course for the second year are:
1. Selection of course materials.
2. Systematization of course materials.
3. Adjusting course materials to the level of the students.
4. Course design.
The biggest challenge in implementing these steps is adaptation the materials
to the level of the students.
The first reason is a year break in studying English.
The second reason is that students are of very different level. Some of them
come from specialized schools for gifted children with almost fluent English; others
come from adults. It is difficult to explain to them some concepts because of their
different level of English so that students understand them. And we know that we
cannot adapt the materials to such extend that we lose the content. Two –level
program is the only way. But at the same time, the government has the same
requirements to the learning outcomes notwithstanding the students’ initial level of
knowledge.
As we do not have a textbook, we should work out a kind of a study guide for
weak students where we will provide step-by-step instructions.
In our article we presented our findings on target learners’ needs analysis,
genre analysis of the texts and audio materials for law and biology. We described the
situation at our HEI. The activities we provided in the articles showed that our
students know a lot of technical language (special terms) for their specialties.
Learners study to enter professions, focusing on the language of academic
performance in specific discourse communities and at the same time preparing for
near-future identified workplace needs.
References:
1. Jordan, R.R. (1997). English for academic purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University
2. Dudley-Evans, T. & St. John, M.J. (1998). Developments in ESP: A multidisciplinary approach.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
4. Hutchinson, T. & Waters, A. (1999). English for specific purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
5.Swales,J. (1990) The concept of Discourse Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University
6. Nunan, D. (2005). The learner-centred curriculum. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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UDC 37.013
USING PICTURES IN DO-IT-YOURSELF HANDOUTS
WHILE TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS.
MА, A.Nam,
Kazakh University of International Relations and World languages, Almaty
Резюме
В Казахстане английский язык стал обязательным предметом во многих начальных
школах, где дети начинают изучать английский в возрасте 7-8 лет. Все больше открывается
центров дошкольной подготовки. Тем не менее учителя в центрах и школах сталкиваются с
нехваткой материалов для младших школьников. Специализированные учебные пособия не
везде доступны. Обычно им приходится использовать материал более подходящий для
тинейджеров и детей старшего школьного возраста.
Тем не менее я могу предложить некоторое количество учебного материала, которые
учителя могут изготовить вместе с детьми. Весь этот материал учитывает психологические
особенности детей младшего школьного возраста.
Түйін
Қазақстанда ағылшын тілін 7-8 жастан оқытатын бастауыш мектептердің көбінде
ағылшын тілі міндетті пән болып қалыптасты. Мектепке дейінгі доярлық орталықтары
көптеп ашылуда.Сонда да орталық пен мектеп оқытушылары ерте жастағы балаларға қажетті
құрал жабдықтарының жетіспеушілігімен бетпе-бет келеді. Арнайы оқу құралдары
жеткіліксіз. Әдетте оларға жоғарғы сыныптағы оқушылармен арналған құрал жабдықтарды
пайдалуға тура келеді.
Сондықтан мен оқытушының балалармен бірге дайындайтын оқу материалдарылының
бір қатарын ұсынғым келеді. Бұл барлық материалдар төменгі мектеп жасындағы
балалардың психологиялық ерекшеліктерін ескерген.
“TEYL” has become its own field of study as the age of compulsory English
education has become lower and lower in countries around the world. It is widely
believed that starting the study of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) before the
critical period––12 or 13 years old––will build more proficient speakers of English.”
( Shin J.K., 2006)
We have had an opinion poll of the students of teacher -training faculty about
the best age to start learning a foreign language. The majority oft hem, about 78%
chose the age before twelve.They told such considerations as „I think that the best
time to start learning English is when a child in a preschool or in a kindergarden.
Because these are the years when their brain is the most plastic and receptive and of
course this is the key chance to start learning English.”, “The brain of young learners
"is like a sponge", they receive all the things easily and quickly. On the contrary, on
the way to adolescence, their ability to posess all information in a short time declines.
The term young learner covers a large chronological age span: from around 3 years of
age to 15. (Nunan, 2010)
In my country, Kazakhstan, English language is a compulsory subject in many
primary schools, where children begin to study English at the age of 7-8 years old.
More and more language centers for pre-school learners are being opened. However,
teachers at these centers and schools face with the lack of materials for young
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learners. Special textbooks are not available; usually they have to teach using the
textbooks for adult learners and teenagers.
Nevertheless, I can suggest a number of hand-outs which teachers of young
learners can make themselves.
All these activities take into consideration young learners’ psychological
characteristics. In The video Module 12 Shaping the way, we teach English such
characteristics of young learners are given:
“YL are active and creative. YL like to play. YL learn through doing. YL have short
attention span. YL need repetition. YL need clear directions. YL have limited
knowledge about the world.”
Nunan gives more detailed characteristics of Young Learners.”Generally, they
have a holistic approach to language, which means that they understand meaningful
messages but cannot analyze language yet. They have lower level of awareness about
themselves as well as about the process of learning. They have limited reading and
writing skills, even in their first language. Generally, they are more concerned with
themselves than others. They have limited knowledge about the world. They enjoy
fantasy, imagination and movement.
Pictures are perfect in working with young learners because they apply holistic
use of language and pictures are bright and they attract children’s attention. Activities
should be short and they must vary, so the younger learners do not get bored. The
texts are ought to contain very short sentences and words must have direct meaning.
It would be perfect if young learners can participate in making Do-It-Yourself
activities.
Activity 1”Zoo”
List of materials needed: a) Pictures of animals b) Big sheet of paper c) glue)
pens
Procedure: A big sheet of paper is divided into squares “cells”, where the
pictures of animals are glued. Students write short characteristics of an animal and
what it does using Present Simple tense. For example: This is a polar bear. It is white
and it has black eyes and black nose. It lives in Antarctic. It is very cold there. A
polar bear eats fish. The task of the children is to fill all the cells with pictures of
animals and their characteristics.
Activity 2 “A Picture story”
List of materials needed: a) paper b) pack of colored pencils or photos from the
magazines c) pens
A teacher makes up herself or writes with the children a very short story, consisting
of 4-5 sentences. All sentences should contain simple grammar and words. It can be a
story-answer to the question like “Why does the giraffe have a long neck?
“Alternatively, “Why does an elephant have a long nose?” Teacher and children
illustrate the story either with their own pictures (then they will need colored pencils)
or with the photos from the magazine.
Examples of very short stories:
“Why does the giraffe have a long neck?
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1) Once upon a time there lived a giraffe. He fell in love. His girlfriend lived on the
other side of the wide river. There was no bridge. Every day they tried to kiss each
other. Nevertheless, they could not. They tried so hard, that their necks grew long.
Then they kissed each other. Since then all their children have very long necks.
2) Once upon a time there lived a little giraffe. She wanted to be beautiful. She
visited Africa and she saw many women with rings on their necks. The giraffe bought
a lot of neck rings. She wore them for a long time. When she took them off she had a
beautiful long neck.
3) Once upon a time there lived a giraffe. He liked to play basketball, but he played
very badly. Therefore, he practiced to jump very high every day. Gradually his neck
grew long and the giraffe became a champion.
Activity 3 “Bingo”
List of materials needed: a) paper b) pack of colored pencils or photos from the
magazines c) pens
A teacher chooses a topic for vocabulary Bingo. For example, “Food” or
“Animals’”. A big photo from a magazine which illustrates the topic is chosen. It
must be divided into 6-9 equal squares. On the other side of the squares the words of
the topic are supposed to be written. For example, for the topic “Animals” such
words as “a giraffe”, “a bear”, “a lion”, and “an elephant” can be chosen. The other
sheet of paper is taken. A teacher should divide it into squares equal to the squares
from the first sheet. In the squares the matching pictures should be drawn. For
example, the picture “A lion” will match a word «A lion”. If the child matches all
pictures and the words correctly, he/ she will see the photo on the top.
Activity 4”Picture crossword”
List of materials needed: a) paper b) pictures or photos c) pens
The idea of a picture crossword is identical to the idea of word crossword, but instead
of definitions, the illustrations of the words are given.
Activity 5 “Picture-Word play”
List of materials needed: a) paper b) pack of pictures or photos, c) glue
A teacher makes a set of pictures of a particular topic. For example, for the topic “
Food” such words as “ a pie” ,“an ice cream”, ”a cake” and “sweets” can be chosen .
These pictures are glued to the hard paper. The other set of pictures, illustrating the
characteristics of the first set words is made. For example the choice of the words as”
chocolate”, “cherry”, “apple” and “vanilla”. The task of the child is to make pairs of
words, making different word-combinations like “a vanilla ice-cream”, “a chocolate
pie” and “an apple cake”.
In conclusion, I want to say, that the activities offered are easy to do. If you
involve young learners doing them, they will have a lot of fun. I hope you will try
these activities in your lessons.
References:
1. Shin J.K. 2006 “Ten Helpful Ideas for Teaching English to Young Learners English Teaching
Forum 2:
2. Nunan D. 2010 “Teaching English to Young Learners” Anaheim University.
3.Video: Shaping the Way we teach English-module 12-Younger learners.
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UDC 372.881.111.1
DIALOGIC LITERACY IN THE EFL CLASSROOM
MSc in School Leadership, N.Ospanova,
English teacher
Nazarbayev Intellectual School, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
Түйін
Бұл мақала шет тілін оқытудағы негізгі дағдылардың бірі ретінде диалогтік сауаттылықты
қарастырады. Мақала авторы ағылшын тілі сабағында диалогті тек мұғалімнің нұсқаулығымен ғана
емес , сонымен қатар оқышылардың бір-бірімен тілдесуі арқылы дамыту керектігін басып айтады.
Оқушылардың қабілеттерін саралау барысында диалогті тиімді құрал ретінде пайдалануға болады.
Мақсатты ұйымдастырылған жағдаяттар арқылы ауызекі сөйлесуге үйрету - оқушыларды
қызықтырады. Диалогтік сөйлеу коммуникативтік оқытудың негізгі ұстанымына сәйкес келеді.
Резюме
Данная статья рассматривает диалоговую грамотность как один из основных навыков в
обучении иностранного языка. Автор подчеркивает необходимость в развитии диалога на уроках
английского языка не только через инструкции учителя, но и задания, направленные на общение друг
с другом. Диалог как эффективный инструмент может быть использован при дифференциации
способностей учеников.
The new educational approaches include different method of teaching. Among
these methods is dialogue or dialogic literacy. According to Abbey [1] “dialogue it is
a structured, extended process leading to new insights and deep knowledge”. I can
say that indeed, dialogue at present pedagogy could be considered as an effective way
for learning. It is not a one side questioning when a teacher is supposed to get ready
answers. Now dialogue is considered to be an interaction between peers or peers and
teachers to receive, to share and exchange the knowledge. These interactions could
provide good opportunities for children’s learning and for their development.
By communicating with more capable peers and through interaction within
their community children are guided into increasing thinking. The current researches
[1] state that knowledge will be constructed when pupils are engaged in dialogue with
others. I think that it is true because pupils are most likely to learn where there are
opportunities for interactions among knowledgeable ones. The article discusses the
importance of scaffolding when learners need help of adults or more competent
individuals to support them in learning new things. Such way of learning involves
communication or dialogue literacy to be the main means of development.
The article highlights the challenges of using the dialogue in EFL classrooms.
One of the main problems is the lack of dialogic discourse as 15% of communication
is held during the instruction. Indeed, much classroom talk goes through teacher’s
conversational control over the topic and correctness of what pupils say. Pupils in
many cases have no opportunities or rights to conversation. Very often a teacher asks
common questions, repeats pupils’ answers and this does not advance students’
critical thinking or develop their dialogic skills. One more issue that takes place in the
class is the absence of structured talk among “lower track students”. In most cases it
happens on the lessons of English language as less able students cannot express their
ideas correctly. Obviously the language used in the classroom has a big influence on
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pupils’ learning. Very often pupils stay passive on the lessons learning only by
listening the teacher and more able peers but not by talking, discussing and arguing.
That is why the goal of dialogic learning or literacy is to involve pupils in
conversation on the topics they are aware with encouraging them to participate in the
discussions.
The next issue in the developing conversation in the class is an increase of
computer-mediated dialogue. The popularity of on line conversation is very big that
is good from technological side. From another side such kind of interaction limits
face-to-face communication that could influence students’ skills in real
communication. So, the existed problems must be solved or researched in order to
increase the effectiveness of dialogue on the lessons.
Centrality of the dialogue in the learning process is enormous as there are now
ground evidences for its benefits. During my experience conducting the dialogues on
the lessons as a pedagogical approach I have noticed that the conversation in the
beginning of the lesson allows students to articulate their own understanding of the
topic. It goes well on the ‘lead in’ lesson stage when the teacher does not announce
pupils the ready topic but give them an opportunity to guess by using open and closed
questions. Also during the discussions, dialogues or let me call it ‘disputational talk’
help pupils to understand that other people may have different ideas. Usually the
atmosphere during the discussions is rather competitive that makes pupils disagree
and argue. So, during such a dialogue participants become equal partners striving to
reach an agreement, to develop construction of knowledge. This way of learning has
an impact on ‘interthinking’ process [2] of pupils that could be achieved only in a
process of joint discussions. Besides, on the lessons I often mention that even a short
conversation with my pupils assist my understanding of where my students are in
their learning. The lessons often pass fast and it is easy for a teacher to miss the
important signs to pupils’ understanding. It is very important to give respond to every
child moreover to build further questions on their contributions.
It is obvious that dialogue as a new approach in teaching should occupy an
important position in EFL classroom. Teachers can apply the dialogic literacy in any
stage of the lesson as an effective tool to enhance students’ motivation.
References
1.
Abbey, N. Developing 21st century teaching and learning: Dialogic literacy. Retrieved
November, 29, 2005.
2.
Mercer, N., and Littleton, K., Dialogue and the development of thinking. A sociocultural
approach. NY:Routledge, 2007.
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UDC 37
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМУ
ЮРИДИЧЕСКОМУ ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ В ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЕ
Магистр юр.н., доцент, А.Ш. Ракишева
магистр образования, старший преподаватель Алибекова А.З.
КазГЮУ, Астана
Түйін
Мақалада авторлар кәсіби бағыттылған шет тілдерді оқыту процессінде инновациялық
технолгияларды белсенді қолдану мәселелері қарастырылады. Авторлар шет тілі
сабақтардың үстіндеаудио, видео құрылғыларды, ұялы телефондарды және басқа да
техникалық құрылғыларды практикалық қолдануын көрсетеді.
Резюме
The authors in the article consider issues of effectiveness of innovative technologies used in
teaching of English for specific purposes. The authors show in practice how to use audio and video
materials, cell phones and other technical means at English classes.
В современном обществе, в период глобализации и интеграции одним из
приоритетных направлений политики Казахстана выступает развитие
английского языка. Иллюстрацией этому служит уникальный проект,
инициированный Главой государства «Триединство языков», в котором
английскому языку приписывается особый статус — языка интеграции в
мировую экономику.
Другим шагом достижения данной цели служит процесс внедрения
полиязычного образования в вузах страны. Так, Министерством образования и
науки Республики Казахстан увеличены количество кредитов на изучение
иностранных языков. В частности, к списку курсов обязательных дисциплин
добавлен курс «Профессионально-ориентированный иностранный язык»,
который дает студентам возможность углубить свои знания по иностранному
языку в разрезе их будущей профессии.
Появление данного курса послужило новым импульсом для различных
теоретических и практических исследований. Дисциплина «Профессионально-
ориентированный иностранный язык» несет в себе профессиональную
значимость, и преподается в интеграции со специальными дисциплинами, что
играет важную роль и является положительным моментом процесса обучения.
Таким образом, профессиональная направленность обучения требует
объединения иностранного языка с профильными дисциплинами.
В связи с чем, необходим тщательный отбор, как учебного материала, так
и методов и приемов обучения. Развитие языковых навыков у студентов
неязыковых специальностей в процессе обучения английского языка сложный и
интересный процесс. Перед преподавателями стоит задача заинтересовать
учащихся, качественно и эффективно обучить студента коммуникативным
навыкам, связанными с его будущей профессией.
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