Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»

g was palatalized in non-Scandinavian words before e

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g
was palatalized in non-Scandinavian words before
e
and
i
in Old English and
was to be pronounced as
y
(and [dʒ] a bit later, in early MnE)
.
In the same way the
letter
с
pronounced as [k]

before
e
and
i
was palatalized to [tʃ] in non-Scandinavian
words (in Old English there was no letter
k
, and the letter
с
was used to denote
different sounds), and retained the hard pronunciation [k] in the words of the
Scandinavian origin
In the English word “
gift
” it is not only the initial sound that is due to
Scandinavian, but also the modern meaning. The Old English word “
gift
” meant “
the
price of a wife
”, and, hence, in the Plural it meant “
marriage
”, while the
Scandinavian word had the more general sense of “
present
”.
In some words the old native form has survived, but has adopted the
Scandinavian meaning of the corresponding word. Thus “
dream
” in Old English
meant “
joy
”, but in Middle English the modern meaning of
dream
was taken over
from the Scandinavian “
draumr
”.
The English also inherited the Scandinavian meaning of the word
plough
(Amer.
plow
), which in Old English meant a measure of land but in Scandinavian referred to
an agricultural implement. The word in Old English for the latter was
sulh
.
Most of the borrowed words were used in the ordinary daily life, showing that
the Anglo-Saxons and the Scandinavians lived side by side as equals, and not in the
relationship of ruling class to conquered, as with the Anglo-Saxons and Celts, or of
the ignorant to the learned, as with the Anglo-Saxons and Romans.

31
Eventually the Scandinavians were absorbed into local population both
ethnically and linguistically. They merged with the society around them, but the
impact on the linguistic situation and on the further development of the English
language was quite profound.

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