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3.3 Модуль 3. Company Performance
3.3.1 Используя экономический словарь, переведите следующие слова и
выражения на русский язык:
-
international trade;
- interest rates;
- balance of payments;
- exchange rate;
- currency;
- demand;
- supply;
- free floating exchange rate;
- fully fixed exchange rate;
- economic growth.
3.3.2
Прочитайте и переведите текст, подберите наиболее подходящее
название текста из предложенных ниже:
1) Economic growth;
2) Exchange rate mechanisms;
3) Interest rates;
4) Stock market.
If you're planning a holiday abroad, one of the things you won’t forget to do is to
buy some of the local currency. You’ll probably visit a few banks to see which one offers
the best exchange rate. But holidaymakers aren't the only ones who are interested in
exchange rates. Governments are watching them all the time. This is because a change in
the exchange rate of the national currency can affect the whole economy. Interest rates,
balance of payments and economic growth will all feel the effects of a change in exchange
rates.
But can governments do anything about exchange rates apart from watch them?
Well, yes, they can. They can use something called exchange rate mechanisms. These are
ways to control the value of the national currency against other currencies. There are
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different types of mechanism, but they are all variations on two extreme mechanisms: free
floating exchange rate and fully fixed exchange rate.
When a currency’s
exchange rate is free floating, the government doesn’t try to
control the price of the currency. Remember that, just
like any other price, the exchange
rate changes when demand and supply change. When governments, allow the currency to
be free floating, they are saying,‘ let the market decide the price of our currency'. In
contrast, a fully fixed exchange rate is strictly controlled by the government. For example,
the UK government might decide that they want sterling to remain at a constant exchange
rate against the euro of £1 = €1.50. This is sometimes called pegging. In this example,
sterling is pegged
against the euro at that rate, although in actual fact sterling is a free
floating currency.
However, there is a problem. If demand on the money market rises for sterling, then
the exchange rate will rise also. How can the government maintain the exchange rate they
want? The only way is to change the level of supply of sterling on the money market. The
government can increase the amount of sterling on the international market by selling it.
This means they buy foreign currencies and sell sterling. Alternatively, if they want to
increase
demand for sterling, the government needs to reduce the supply on the money
market. To do this, they sell their reserves of foreign currencies and buy sterling. This
way, they keep the exchange rate (the price) of sterling at a constant rate.
So which system is best – fixed or floating? It depends on lots of things. Each
system has its benefits and drawbacks. A free floating mechanism often makes it easier to
keep a steady balance of payments. Also, the government can make any changes it wants
to interest rates without worrying about the exchange rate (the market looks after that). On
the other hand, a fixed rate mechanism makes industry feel more secure. They know what
the value of their exports will be, and so they can plan for the future more easily. This is
good for the local economy and for international trade.
3.3.3 Прочитайте текст ещё
раз и укажите, какой механизм описан в
следующих утверждениях:
1) The government chooses a target rate for the currency.
a) fixed exchange rate;
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b) floating exchange rate;
c) both fixed and floating mechanisms.
2) The government accepts the market value of the currency.
a) fixed exchange rate;
b) floating exchange rate;
c) both fixed and floating mechanisms.
3) Supply and demand on the currency market effect the exchange rate.
a) fixed exchange rate;
b) floating exchange rate;
c) both fixed and floating mechanisms.
3.3.4 Составьте 10
вопросов к тексту.
3.3.5 Подготовьте аннотацию текста, используя выражения:
«The subject of the text is…»;
«The text deals …»;
«The main idea of the text is …. ».
3.3.6 Подготовьте презентацию о фондовых биржах
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: