А. О. Сарыбаева, Р. С. Кенжебекова
THE INFINITIVE / ТҦЙЫҚ ЕТІСТІК
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Тапсырма(1)
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- 2. the predicative
- Passive Voice Indefinite to do to be done Continuous to be doing - Perfect
| THE INFINITIVE / ТҦЙЫҚ ЕТІСТІК
The Infinitive and its Functions / Тҧйық етістік және оның қызметі It can be: 1. a subject a) with introductory it: It is difficult to follow. b) without it: To get a cup of tea is hopeless. c) a parenthesis (in set expressions): to tell the truth 2. the predicative: The aim of our research work is to get the necessary data. 3. an object: I want to have a rest. 4. adverbial modifier: To know foreign language well, you will have to work hard. Forms of the Infinitive Active Voice Passive Voice Indefinite to do to be done Continuous to be doing - Perfect to have done to have been done Perfect Continuous to have been doing - Common Verbs Followed by The Infinitive afford agree appear ask arrange attempt can't afford can't wait choose consent decide deserve expect fail help hope hurry intend learn manage mean need offer pay plan prepare pretend promise refuse request seem want wish would like 77 MODAL VERBS + PERFECT INFINITIVE (PI) Form: MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE - modal verbs + PI are often used: - to refer to the past - to refer to unreal situations - to show that the activity was different from what we wanted - to say how confident we are that something has happened 1. MUST + PI: expresses deduction, a logical conclusion, probability: It is very cold; it must have snowed in the mountains. I saw him leaving; he must have killed him. 2. CAN´T/COULDN´T + PI: expresses negative deduction: She can´t have passed such a difficult exam. CAN + PI: expresses impossibility or disbelief: The boy can´t have given a better answer than this one. She can´t have missed the bus. 3. COULD + PI: You could have done it. (past reference: didn´t do it) You could do it. (future reference: possibility) 4. MAY + PI: expresses the possibility that an action took place in the past: The little girl may have lost the key. (It is possible that she lost the key.) (with may – action is more probable than with might) 5. MIGHT + PI: expresses a past possibility Our neighbours might have heard some noises when our car was stolen. MIGHT + PI continuous: expresses a possible action which was continuing at a certain moment in the past: The kids might have been watching a cartoon at that time. 6. NEEDN´T + PI: expresses an unnecessary action, which was, nevertheless, performed: I needn´t have knocked at the door since, in this way, I awoke the baby. (but I knocked) You needn´t have bought the flowers. didn´t need to: show that the action was not necessary but it wasn´t performed either: I didn´t need to knock at the door since it was open. (so I didn´t knock) 7. SHOULD + PI: indicates that the past obligation was not fulfilled or carried out: You should have locked the door before leaving the house. (But you didn´t lock it.) 8. OUGHT TO + PI: expresses an unfulfilled duty or obligation: Paul ought to have waited until the lights were green before he crossed the street. (But he didn´t wait.) 9. WOULD + PI: 3rd conditional I would have gone to university if my parents had had more money. (The speaker didn´t go to university.) жүктеу/скачать 1,64 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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