Academic English The apparatus was heated. The results do not appear to justify a further investigation. Significantly, crime is increasing Precise точный



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Academic English

Mussaeva Shakuram


Academic Style
Organisation
Critical Thinking
Referencing

Is this academic style?

  • These days a lot of kids start school early. Years ago, everybody began at 5, but now it’s normal to start at 4 – or even younger! Why? One thing is that mums gotta get back to work. Bob Jenkins has studied this and says that early schooling causes stuff like stealing,(воровство) drug(наркомания) abuse etc. He’s right – we should pay mums to stay at home.

Academic Style is…

  • Impersonal (безличный)
  • Precise(точный)
  • Cautious (острожный)
  • Formal (официальный)
  • Noun-focused (ориентировано на существительные)

Impersonal

General English

  • I heated the apparatus.
  • In my opinion, the results do not justify a further investigation. результаты не оправдывают дальнейшее расследование
  • Sadly, crime is increasing К сожалению, преступность растет

Academic English

  • The apparatus was heated.
  • The results do not appear to justify a further investigation.
  • Significantly, crime is increasing

Precise точный

General English

Academic English

  • About three hundred tests have been done
  • Speculators buy and sell currencies валюту
  • It is widely understood that dogs chase cats Широко известно, что

Cautious осторожный

General English

Academic English

  • Crime sometimes increases during periods of economic growth
  • Crime may never be eradicated
  • Education tends to reduce crime образование имеет тенденцию к снижению преступности

Formal официальный

General Word list

  • Way
  • Opinion
  • Carry out
  • ‘cos of

Academic Word List

  • approach, подход method
  • view, evaluation оценка
  • Implement выполнять
  • Due to, owing to Из-за, вследствие

The Academic Word List ориентировано на существительные

Formal

General English

  • It isn’t easy to negotiate a reduction. не так легко договориться о сокращении
  • Nanotechnology is gonna be one of the key things for research. Нанотехнологии будут одни из ключевых вещей для исследования
  • The first step was easy – just introduce ввести the titrate slowly.
  • Fleming did not intend не намерен to discover penecillin!

Academic English

  • It is not easy to negotiate a reduction.
  • Nanotechnology is going to be one of the key areas for research.
  • The first step was easy; the titrate was introduced slowly.
  • Surprisingly, удивительно Fleming did not intend to discover penecillin.

Noun-focused

General English

  • The government decided to investigate. Провести расследование
  • The numbers grew remarkably quickly. Численность выросла удивительно быстро.

Academic English

  • A government investigation was started.Правительственное расследование было начато
  • There was a remarkable growth in the numbers. Произошел заметный рост численности.

Exercise

  • Write the text in a more academic style
    • These days a lot of kids start school early. Years ago, everybody began at 5, but now it’s normal to start at 4 – or even younger! Why? One thing is that mum’s gotta get back to work. Bob Jenkins has studied this and says that early schooling causes stuff like stealing, drug abuse etc. He’s right – we should pay mums to stay at home.

Exercise

  • These days many children start school at a very young age. Up until the 1990s it was most common to begin at age five, but more recently there have been many cases where school is started at age four or younger (Jenkins (2007). Вплоть до 1990-х годов он был наиболее распространенным для начала в пятилетнем возрасте, но в последнее время было много случаев, когда школа началась в возрасте четырех лет и младше There are many reasons why this might happen; one factor is that it may be necessary for mothers to return to work for financial reasons. Nevertheless, it seems that early schooling may cause social problems such as stealing and drug abuse (Jenkins 2007). Тем не менее, кажется, что раннее приучение может вызвать социальные проблемы, такие как воровство и злоупотребление наркотиками In fact, there is considerable evidence to support the idea of a state subsidy for mothers who stay at home. В действительности, существуют значительные доказательства, чтобы поддержать идею государственной субсидии для матерей, которые остаются дома.

The In-Sessional Programme

  • Academic English Lecture Series
    • Style
    • Organisation
    • Referencing
    • Critical Thinking

Resources

References

  • Biber, D. (1988) “Variation across speech and writing” (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
  • Douglas SPACK, R. (1988), Initiating ESL Students Into the Academic Discourse Community: How Far Should We Go? TESOL Quarterly, 22: 29–51.
  • Hyland, Ken and Polly Tse Metadiscourse in Academic Writing: A Reappraisal Applied Linguistics (2004) 25 (2): 156-177


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