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No two state court systems are exactly alike. Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities to provide 
an example of what a typical state court system looks like. Most state court systems are made up of 
two sets of trial courts: trial courts of limited jurisdiction (probate, family, traffic, etc.) and trial courts 
of general jurisdiction; intermediate appellate courts and the highest state courts. 
Unlike federal judges, most state court judges are not appointed for life but are either elected or 
appointed for a certain number of years. 
Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction 
Trial courts of limited jurisdiction are courts that deal with only specific types of cases. They 
are usually presided over by a single judge. Some examples of trial courts of limited jurisdiction 
include: 
1. Probate court: This court considers cases concerning administration of estates. It sees to it that the 
provisions of a will are carried out properly or sees to it that a decedent’s property is distributed 
according to the state law.
2. Family court: This court hears cases concerning adoption, divorce, alimony, child custody etc. 
3. Traffic court: This court usually considers minor violations of traffic laws. 
4. Juvenile court: This court usually deals with cases involving delinquent, unruly or neglected 
children and adults who neglect, abuse or contribute to the juvenile delinquency. 
5. Small claims court: This court usually resolves suits between private persons of a relatively low 
dollar amount, for example, less than $5,000. 
6. Municipal court: This court usually considers cases involving offenses against city ordinances. 
Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction 
Trial courts of general jurisdiction bear the main burden in the administration of justice. They 
hear cases outside the jurisdiction of the trial courts of limited jurisdiction. These involve both civil 
and criminal cases. One judge (often sitting with a jury) usually hears them. In such cases, the judge 
decides issues of law, while the jury decides issues of fact.


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