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readers it was said: ‘Why shouldn’t we inform the audience of the new works in Russian literature? Why
shouldn’t we tell the audience about the theatre? We possess this right and we’d like to use it’. The last
remark is poly semantic. It explains the fact why the great majority of the Russian periodicals was limited
with publication of only advertisements in the cultural life and very seldom addressed commercial, stock
exchange and industrial advertisements till the 1961 year Reform. Only the governmental and official
editions were eligible for the publication. For a long time did the ‘Saint Petersburg Gazette’ and ‘Moscow
Gazette’ belonged to that status being the editions of the Moscow Emperor Universityand the Academy of
Sciences [4,394].
While summarizing the problem of the Russian periodical advertising in the eighteenth centurywe
may state, that according to our observations the texts were mainly of the reference, business information
character, which was typical for the advertisement genre. Elements of the evaluative information, developed
suggestive advertising appear in the reports of the literary novelties.
The status quo was changed in the first third of the nineteenth century. ‘Moscow Telegraph’ edited by
N.A. Polevoy turned to be a new phenomenon in the Russian journalism. It performed the so-called break-
through into the extensive advertising activity along with the other innovations. It still lacked a special
heading for the advertisements, but some specimen of the mature advertisements were published under
the headings ‘Moscow notes’, ‘Homeland news’, and ‘Fashion customs’. ‘Northern Bee’ was one of the
first private Russian newspapers, which was published on a regular basis for a pretty long period of time.
However, the press historians name it semi-official, because its publishers were having strong ties with the
Ministry of Home Affairs and Gendarme Department and were financially supported by the government
for declaring the policy suitable to the authorities, as it often happens.
But, even this privileged newspaper failed to overcome the state monopoly to publish the commercial
advertisements. Advertisements published in the lower half of the page through the first to fourth lines
included only sights, new books and fashions. F. Bulgarin managed to overcome the official prohibition
for the advertising of the companies and goods with the help of the hidden advertising. In his articles and
notes as if on a random basis the goods quality was praised to the sky. The researcher B.I. Esin writes that
in order to receive some profit Bulgarin did not hesitate to blackmail the factory-owners and merchants.
The major part of the commercial news and advertisements were distributed by the ‘Commercial
Newspaper’, the official body of the Foreign Trade Department and by a private weekly magazine
‘Merchant’. The ‘Merchant’ was published in three languages – Russian, French and German. Its aim was
to ‘provide the home industry success by pointing the trade houses, factories, plants, and work-shops with
all possibilities to sell and the goods acquisition.’
In 1861 acomparatively and qualitatively new epoch of the advertising activities development was
started after the abolition of serfdom and the accelerated development of the capitalist relations. The most
important event was the abolition of the limitations to the commercial advertisements publication in the
magazines and newspapers. Changed social conditions provided for the appearance of the new periodicals.
The most popular editions were ‘Voice’ by Kraevsky, ‘Petersburg Leaflet’, and ‘Moscow Leaflet’ and many
other newspapers and magazines.
A lot of Information agencies were also formed along with the advertising agencies, they were aiming
to publish not only commercial and domestic news but also the political news and information.
Summarizingthe problem of Russian periodical advertising in the eighteenth century, we may conclude
that according to our observations the texts were mainly of the reference, business information character,
which was typical for the advertisement genre. Elements of the evaluative information, developed suggestive
advertising appear in the reports of the literary novelties. So, we may state that the Russian industrial and
commercial advertising process development was mainly influenced by the serfdom abolition.
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