Қазақстан республикасы ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі ш. УӘлиханов атындағы
WHAT TO BUILD A COTTAGE OUT OF – SANDWICHES OR TRUNKS?
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Сборник студ конф 22-23г
| WHAT TO BUILD A COTTAGE OUT OF – SANDWICHES OR TRUNKS?
Sarsenbay M.K. Academic supervisor: Kalashinov N.K., lector Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau msarsenbaeva33@gmail.com The construction of a cottage sometimes turns out to be more profitable than the purchase of ready-made housing. The structure will fully correspond to your plans, and it will be new, not used. In addition, real estate is always a profitable investment. You can build a dwelling according to a standard or completely original project. It depends on your preferences and budget possibilities. The choice of material is an even more responsible matter. In addition to the budget, it is important to take into account the environmental friendliness of the future building – you will live in it, after all. From what to build a cottage? There are plenty of options, consider the most basic: 1. Frame house. This is the cheapest version of private housing. In other words, it is the construction of sandwich panels. According to the project, details of the future metal structure are made, which is then assembled on bolts. Then it is sheathed with sandwich panels, also produced according to the project documentation. When installing the roof, roofing sandwich panels can also be used. When the house is assembled, the builders begin interior work. They create partitions, carry out finishing work. [1] 2. A cottage made of timber is more expensive, but cheapness is not the main plus here, like a house made of sandwich panels. This structure is a quarter or even a good third more expensive than a "sandwich" building with the same areas. But the timber is a natural material, and it is simply impossible not to argue with its safety. It breathes perfectly and provides a year-round favorable microclimate. Inside such a house needs to be finished, which increases the construction time. 3. A cottage made of rounded logs is an intermediate option in terms of its cost between sandwich panels and timber. Logs, as old-timers say, are even better than timber in ecological terms, and the weather in such a house is always good. Good log houses have been standing for almost a century. At least in many villages you can find buildings that have survived more than one generation. Today, in the construction of such residential buildings, ancient architectural traditions are used side by side with new construction technologies. Professionals will easily and quickly build a log cabin and other structural. Frame houses are built in the shortest possible time, which is also a big plus for construction. In addition, in this case, it is not necessary to make large expenditures and time for the arrangement of a reliable foundation. The structure weighs quite little, so there is no need to wait and fear shrinkage at home [1] . Since frame houses are built of wooden materials, it can be said that such a house will be environmentally friendly. You can breathe deeply in it, inhaling a fresh smell and not be afraid to damage the environment. All houses made of wood have one important feature. Every detail of the house must be subjected to antiseptic treatment. This procedure cannot be ignored. Not to comply with it means that your house will not last you for a long time and with a high probability it may be subjected to rotting or attack by a fungus. At the same time, antiseptic treatment should take place in several stages. The first layer fills all the pores of the tree. The second layer protects the house from UV exposure. 506 One of the most popular materials on the modern market is a wooden beam. This material has been in demand for a long time, and holds high positions, despite the rather high price. For the construction of houses made of timber, wood is used, which pre-passes the stages of processing and drying, which of course adds to the price of such a product. Popularity is due to the fact that many people choose to build houses from timber, in several stages. This is very convenient when you cannot buy the whole house at once or pay the cost of a one-stage construction. Of course, you will have to wait some time before settling into your new timber house. But, the plus is that you will have to pay for each stage separately, and you can stretch the financial part of this issue for a long time. At least two stages will be required: the construction of the foundation, the construction of the building box. Finishing is carried out at least a year after the construction of the house box. Moreover, many prefer to do it on their own. Logs, according to experienced builders, are an even more favorable option than timber. The microclimate in the house will always be excellent. A properly constructed house made of rounded logs has been standing for more than a century and does not need special care. During the construction of such a house, high technology and traditional architectural culture are easily intertwined. A rounded log is a tree trunk that has undergone specialized mechanical processing. As a result, we get a product of an ideal cylindrical shape with a diameter of 180-350 mm. The log house is beautiful not only from the outside, but also inside. Finishing is not needed there, since the type of log walls is already a design style. The log keeps the heat no worse than the beam, so additional insulation is not required. [2] Time has proven that the microclimate in a house made of logs is always better than in houses made of other materials. In the vastness of our country, in villages, and in cities, you can find log houses built more than a century ago, which suggests that this material is really durable. Modern architects try to combine the ancient experience of building houses with modern, advanced technologies. Experienced carpenters will quickly and efficiently build a log cottage. A house made of solid logs is generally exclusive and the most expensive. The material here is prepared manually. The trunks are simply scalded. Therefore, they have different diameters. Only particularly competent craftsmen, who have been valued at all times, can assemble a log house from such logs. The logs are numbered so that in case of transportation of the house, the log house can be assembled again without any problems. Such a cottage is being built for a long time, and the work on creating a log house is very expensive due to the complexity and shortage of true masters of such a thing. Only highly qualified specialists are able to lay down walls of solid logs. There are not so many such masters, so they have always been in price. During the assembly of the log house, each log is assigned its own unique number. This is necessary so that after disassembling the log house (for example, during transportation at home) it can be assembled in a new place. Due to the fact that there are not so many specialists in the construction of such houses, and a lot of manual work is required during construction, the cost of such a cottage is very high and it takes more time to erect it. To choose a high-quality timber for construction. It is such a beam with proper installation and proper operation that will last in good condition for a long time. The quality of the timber is affected by the time of wood harvesting (wood harvested in winter is more reliable), the type of wood (for example, larch is stronger than pine). Build a house according to norms and requirements. It is important to choose a professional team of builders who will build a house in compliance with the construction technology. To heat the house in winter. If the house is year-round, then the optimal temperature and humidity are maintained in the room and there are no sudden temperature changes. In such conditions, the beam will not collapse over time. Regularly treat the timber with protective compounds (antiseptics, flame retardants, paints): from the formation of mold, fungus, from the penetration of insects, to protect against fire. Carry out timely maintenance and identify the causes of malfunctions at an early stage. During the shrinkage of the house, this should be done more often. Regular work includes: cleaning of drains, sealing cracks (if any), replacement of damaged areas. 507 Make a forced ventilation system to maintain optimal air humidity. When the house needs to be rebuilt: Loss of bearing capacity caused by damage, large deformations/cracks. Violation of the normal operation of the house caused by cracks, corrosion damage. Destruction of the house caused by seismic activity, etc. Conclusions: The service life of a house made of timber is influenced by many factors. The main ones are: compliance with standards during construction, high-quality material, regular wood processing and maintenance. [3] Reference links 1. https://stroysandvich.ru/building/ 2. https://xn--80aee6aahdbdp5dxd.xn--80adxhks/stati/nyuansyi-pri-stroitelstve-doma-iz- brusa.html 3. https://dom-forest.ru/info/articles/srok-sluzhby-doma-iz-brusa/ 4. Alimov, L. A. Building materials. Textbook / L.A. Alimov, V.V. Voronin. - M.: Academia, 2014. - 320 p. 5. Velichko, E. G. Structure and basic properties of building materials. Textbook / E.G. Velichko. - M.: LKI, 2014. - 496 p. 6. Giyasov, B. I. Constructions of unique buildings and structures made of wood. Textbook / B.I. Giyasov, N.G. Seregin. - M.: Publishing House of the Association of Construction Universities, 2014 жүктеу/скачать 19,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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