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Tone The tone is the basic element of English intonation. A word carrying utterance-stress is at the same time the carrier of a tone

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Tone-sequences (sequences of tones) When analysed for the nuclear tones in each of the component-parts, combined tunes may be described as sequences of tones
Tune The term tune

Tone
The tone is the basic element of English intonation. A word carrying utterance-stress is at the same
time the carrier of a tone which is defined as a combination of a pitch change (or pitch contrast)
with the force of articulation, and the number of stresses in an utterance coincides with the number
of tones.
Tone-sequences (sequences of tones)
When analysed for the nuclear tones in each of the component-parts, combined tunes may be
described as sequences of tones, or tone-sequences.
Tone unit
A tone unit is a group of syllables united by a pitch movement; used for the description of
intonation (also referred to as sense group, intonation group, tone group, or thought group).
Tune
The term tune is used to refer to the pitch pattern of the whole intonation-group.

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U
Utterance-stress (sentence-stress)
Utterance-stress (sentence-stress) is a prosodic phenomenon of speech with a linguistic function
of indicating the relative importance of various elements in an utterance. This function is
manifested through phonetic contrastivity of successive syllables in an utterance perceived as their
different phonetic prominence. Importantly, phonetic contrasts between stressed and unstressed
syllables in an English utterance are more conspicuous than in many other languages, including
Russian.
V
Variety
A variety is a social, geographical (or historical) variant of a language.

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4.4 СПИСОК УЧЕБНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ
МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Основная литература
1. Карневская, Е.Б. Практическая фонетика английского языка на продвинутом этапе
обучения : учебник / Е.Б. Карневская, Е.А. Мисуно, Л.Д. Раковская ; под общ. ред.
Е.Б. Карневской. – 2-е изд., перераб. – Минск : Аверсэв, 2007. – 400 с. + CD.
2. Фонетика английского языка : Нормативный курс : учебник для ин-тов и фак-тов
иностр. яз. / В.А. Васильев [и др.] ; под общ. ред. В.А. Васильева. – 2-е изд., перераб. –
М. : Высш. шк., 1980. – 256 с.

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