Читательская грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 201 с
Organisation and navigation
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1-ex pisa
| Organisation and navigation
70. Screen sizes vary dramatically in digital environments, from cell phone displays, which are smaller than a traditional index card, to large, multiple screen displays for simultaneously showing multiple screen windows of information. At the time of the drafting of this framework, however, the typical computer screen (such as the 15" or 17" that come with ordinary desktop and laptop computers) features a display resolution of 1024x768 pixels. Assuming a typical font size, this is enough to display about a half-page of A4 or US-Letter page; that is, a very short piece of text. Given the wide variation in the “landscape” available on screens to display text, digital texts come with a number of tools meant to let the user access and display specific passages. These tools range from generic tools, such as the scroll bar and tabs (also found in a number of other software applications like spreadsheets and word processors) and tools to resize or position the text on the screen, to more specific devices such as menus, tables of contents and embedded hyperlinks to move between text segments. There is growing evidence that navigation in digital text requires specific skills (OECD, 2011; Rouet, Vörös, & Pléh, 2012). Therefore, it is important to assess readers' ability to deal with texts featuring a high density of navigation tools. For reasons of simplicity, the PISA 2018 framework distinguishes “static” texts, with a simple organisation and low density of navigation tools (typically, one or several screen pages arranged in a linear way), from “dynamic” texts, which feature a more complex, non-linear organisation and a higher density of navigation devices. Note that the term “density” is preferred to “number” to mark the fact that dynamic texts do not have to be longer than static texts. 71. For purposes of coverage, the 2018 framework also retains two former dimensions of texts, “format” and “type”, that remain for the most part unchanged from the previous framework. |