Appendix 4.9.16: Invertebrate Survey Data
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Survey results – Industrial Zone
The invertebrate communities of the weed-ruderal plant habitats of the industrial
zone were represented by 11 orders (Isopoda, Aranei, Ixodidae, Trombidiformes,
Scutigeromorpha, Collembola, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera)
from 13 families.
The most frequently caught in traps were Hymenoptera (43.1%) and Coleoptera
(20.8%), parasitic mites were 9.3% (Figure 1). Springtails were found in 30% of traps and in
high numbers. Since this group refers to microarthropoda special analytical techniques were
employed to ensure that the data properly reflects the representation of these invertebrates
in the samples. Springtails form a role in soil formation, they are involved in the mineralization
of plant residues, contributing to their degradation and transformation into humus.
Figure 1. Units Herpetobiont invertebrate test sites
industrial area mining company
General Dynamics Herpetobiont invertebrate density was 5.9 individuals (ind.) per 10
traps / day. The maximum catchability falls on ants (Formicidae - 2,25 ind. 10 trap / day), a
little less catchability Coleoptera, a large share of which are beetles and ground beetles
kozheedy (U = 0.45 / 1.2 and U = 0.35 / 1.2 ind. 10 trap / day). Significantly lower catchability
ticks and spiders (Ixodida and Aranei – 0.55 and 0.4 ind. 10 trap / day, respectively).
The share of bugs and Orthoptera (Orthoptera, Hemiptera) accounted for the smallest
catchability in the industrial zone - 0.05 to 0 0.1 ind. 10 trap / day.
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 2. Value Herpetobiont invertebrates different families in traps industrial area
mining company
Eudominiruyuschim family are ants (Formicidae), whose share in the total of 38.1% of
invertebrates. Catchability ants - 2.25 ind. 10 trap / day. Dominant families in the biocenosis:
ticks Ixodidae (dynamic density of 0.55 ind. 10 trap / day) beetles kozheedy (0.4 ind. 10 trap
/ day), pied skutigery (0.35 ind. On 10 trap / day) beetles ground beetles (0.35 ind. 10 trap /
day). Carpet beetle found only in the larval stage (early age), other invertebrates - in the adult
stage.
From arachnids are the most numerous - wolf spiders-Lycosidae (0,25 ind. 10 trap /
day). Spiders of the family typical gerpetobionty not build catching nets and lead a vagabond
or a burrowing lifestyle. Spiders Clubionidae (0,1 ind. On 10lovushko / day) rarely come
across. They resemble Softshell spiders from the family of wolf spiders. Dwelling on the
ground level they inhabit foliage, branches or tree trunks. Are nocturnal, day are saccular
seekers who have forged from the web.
Herbivorous Tenebrionidae darkling beetles are twice less than predatory ground
beetles (0.2 ind. 10 trap / day). Parasitic mites Trombiculidae frequently (0.2 ind. 10 trap /
day) (Figure 3). The minimum catchability other families of Coleoptera, Orthoptera and
Hymenoptera (0.05 ind. 10 trap / day).
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 3. trophic composition Herpetobiont invertebrate traps trial areas industrial
area mining company
Trophic composition gerpetobionty divided into four groups. Zoophages prevail
(78.4%), including predatory and parasitic organisms (Figure 4). The main share of predators
made the ants of different genera, beetles, ground beetles, spiders, centipedes, skutigery, fly-
asilidae. Xerophilic group asilidae (Asilidae) includes the inhabitants of the arid areas, feeding
on insect larvae or plant substances. The soil traps dominated asilidae-geophiles, hunting near
the ground.
Parasitic forms - mites and ticks krasnotelki, Hymenoptera (Pompilidae). Isopods,
crabs, beetles kozheedy and springtails form a block saprophages, whose share of 12.6%.
Several smaller in the number of herbivores trophic community (8.2%), presented in the main
darkling beetles, weevils and litter bugs. Nemnogochislen bee - Antofagasta pollinators of
plants.
Survey results - village "Auezov"
The biocenoses plant community of the village were discovered by representatives of
12 orders: Isopoda, Aranei, Trombidiformes, Scutigeromorpha, Proterospermophora,
Collembola, Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera. The
most frequently caught in traps Hymenoptera (40.8%) and Coleoptera (25.5%),. Regarding the
previous biocoenosis the share of arachnids (13.1%), switched to the position of the dominant
group. As part gerpetobiya isopods - woodlice decreased its share (1.8%), as well as Diptera
(1.2%) (Figure 4).
As part of the families have been significant changes. Registered 29 families.
Hymenoptera 4 families are represented in the industrial zone.
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 4. Representation of units Herpetobiont invertebrate test areas of plant
communities of the village "Auezov"
Predatory zoophages Hymenoptera significantly outweigh parazitoidnymi forms:
Formicidae - 39%, I Ichneumonidae up - 0.4% of the total number of Herpetobiont
invertebrates.
Beetles have the highest diversity of families (10, against 6 in industrial areas). There
is already dominated by ground beetles (14.5%), and kozheedy constitute only 2.6%; It is the
same proportion of carrion beetles (Silphidae). Darkling met two times less (1.3%), the rest of
the family are few (less than 1%). Arachnids are 3 families, there are also numerous wolf
spiders - active hunters (Figure 5).
Meloidae a few beetles (Meloidae). A common view was Meloidae four-point. This is -
an active phytophages damaging flowers and young leaves of the Asteraceae, and cruciferous
plants. The larval stage beetles - parasitoids of grasshoppers.
From Orthoptera in traps sporadically met Dociostaurus brevicollis brenicollis - Small
krestovichka, feeding on grasses and meadow vegetation.
Ortopteroidnye insect species were also represented: Melanogryllus desertus Pall. -
Cricket steppe. (Sem. Grillidae) and Locusta migratoria L. - Migratory or Asiatic locust.
Basically typical for humid places -vlazhnyh meadows, places with high groundwater, areas
with large lumps of earth, stones.
From the order of damselflies in the traps come across several species of cycads, but
the larval forms.
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 5. Value Herpetobiont invertebrates different families in traps plots
settlement "Auezov"
General Dynamics density Herpetobiont invertebrates biocenosis was 11.4 copies in
10 traps / day. The maximum catchability falls on Hymenoptera (Formicidae - ants /
Hymenoptera U = 4,45 / 4,65 ind. 10 trap / day) and Coleoptera (Carabidae - darkling beetles
/ bugs U = 1,6 / 2,9 ind . 10 trap / day).
From ants (Formicidae) are the most typical Formica canicularia, Cataglyphis
aenescens, Lasius alienus, Tetramorium forte, Leptothorax leoni. These ants inhabit open
spaces and are typical steppe dwellers. Because there are other families of Hymenoptera in
traps naezniki - entomophages. Also found were species of the family Ichneumonidae
(Ichneumonidae), with a bright color. Ichneumonidae usually feed on caterpillars and pupae
of butterflies, larvae of sawflies, beetle larvae, rarely on other insects.
Species of the family of ground beetles (Carabidae) play an important role in
ecosystems as regulators of harmful insects. In the formation of karabidofauny participated
species of the genera Amara, Harpalus. Poecilus, Calasoma. Among ground beetles were
found mainly kseromezofilnye views. So Tusklyak bronze characteristic of sandy areas with
sparse herbage, eats grass seeds. Krasotel steppe common agrocenoses urbolandshaftov and
where is the most common among other types Krasotel. It destroys the caterpillars of the
webworm moth. Poecilus versicolor is also quite common in the man-made areas, providing
significant benefit by inhibiting the reproduction of insects pests.
Domination Coleoptera - saprophages (Dermestidae) in the biocenosis promploschadey
biocenotic community in the village is replaced by the dominance of predatory karabid.
0,00%
5,00%
10,00%
15,00%
20,00%
25,00%
30,00%
35,00%
40,00%
45,00%
Li
gi
da
e
Ly
co
si
da
e
D
ys
de
ri
da
e
To
m
is
id
ae
O
pi
lio
ne
s
Tr
om
bi
cu
lid
ae
Sc
ut
ig
er
id
ae
Po
ly
de
sm
id
ae
O
ny
ch
iu
rid
ae
A
cr
id
id
ae
Ci
ca
di
da
e
Ly
ga
ei
da
e
Ca
ra
bi
da
e
Ten
eb
rio
ni
da
e
D
er
m
es
ti
da
e
Cu
rc
ul
io
ni
da
e
M
el
oi
da
e
Si
lp
hi
da
e
St
ap
hi
lin
id
ae
M
or
de
lli
da
e
La
gr
iid
ae
H
is
te
rid
ae
A
pi
da
e
Ic
hn
eu
m
on
id
ae
Ch
ry
si
di
da
e
Fo
rm
ic
id
ae
Rh
ag
io
ni
da
e
M
ys
ci
da
e
Ce
ci
do
m
yi
id
ae
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Kozheedy become subdominant family, as well as carrion beetles (Silphidae). Among the
latter, mainly kind-met polyphage carrion dark (Silpha obscura L.).
Dominant families - spiders - wolves and litter bugs seed Lygaeidae (p. Drymus).
Solitary met Opilliones (Opiliones) This family Phalangiidae mostly predators feed on small
arthropods, but they can also consume plant foods, bird droppings, feces of animals.
Almost all of the other families are subretsedentam (subreceding). The share of other
arachnids, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera accounts smallest catchability in this
biocenosis is 0.05 ind. 10 per trap / day.
Figure 6. trophic structure of herpetobiont invertebrates in the traps of trial plots of
the village "Auezov"
Trophic structure herpetobiont invertebrates that anthropogenic ecological community
differs little from the previous structure of the community (see Figure 7). There has been a
slight increase in the number of herbivores (the result of growth in the number of locusts
and sucking Hemiptera). Slightly increased the proportion of predatory ground beetles
forms.
Survey results - Sanitary zone 1
This biocenosis found representatives of 9 orders poverhnostnoobitayuschih
invertebrates: Aranei, Trombidiformes, Collembola, Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera,
Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera.
Сапрфаги
Зоофаги
phytophagans there
Very difficult
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Most often met Hymenoptera (79.4%), which became absolute eudominantami due
to the very high numbers of several species of ants. Coleoptera (20%) - the only squad
referring here to the dominant, the rest - subdominant, whose share of the total is not more
than 1-5% (Figure 8). We can say that the spectrum of the families living here invertebrates
narrowed somewhat and is only 15 families.
High catchability of traps in the biocenosis (U = 7,6 ind. Per trap / day) is almost entirely
due to the high number of seeds. Formicidae (4,2 ind. / 10 fishing. Days). This is mainly
omnivorous small soil Lasius platythorax.
Figure 7. The overall ratio of units povehnostonoobitayuschih invertebrates on test
plots biocenosis sanitary zone 1
Also found a large species of ants Camponotus interjectus Mayr. - Zoophages,
nocturnal predator, but its number below.
Dominating in previous cenoses beetles karabidy (0.25 ind. 10 trap / day) lost ground
detritophages family - carpet beetle, the dynamic density of which was 1.0 copies. 10 trap /
day. These cenoses marked as imaginal and larval forms of carpet beetle.
The proportion of prey supplement form as rove beetles (0.05 ind. 10 trap / day), as well as
larvae of beetles Meloidae (0.15 ind. 10 trap / day) (Figure 8).
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 8. Share (%) of different families herpetobiont invertebrate traps in sanitary zone 1
The larvae of Meloidae (Epicauta, Mylabris et al.), Parasitic in the egg capsules
Orthoptera, prey, eating the host egg laying. Imago Meloidae - herbivores, many of them
anthophilous (Mylabris), some eat nectar (Nemognatha, Sitaris).
Typical herbivores should be noted locust occurring regularly but a few. The dynamic of
their low density, U = 0,55 ind. 10 trap / day.
Of damselflies found leafhopper larvae stage. Few and Hemiptera.
Tenebrionidy (U = 0,15 ind. On 10lovushko / day) presented views Medlyak turf
(Crypticus quisquilius) and Medlyak steppe (Blaps halophila). Forms related to the soil surface
layers. Individuals are polyphagous pests field, active at night, when the soil and get into the
trap. During the day, they hide in the shelter or burrow into the sand. These are typical steppe
dwellers.
Aranei (U = 0,3 ind. On 10lovushko / day) were few. In addition to wolf spiders found
meshkopryady spiders that live on plants and are wandering predators, nocturnal.
The number of predatory forms remains high, but parasitoids are not registered.
A growing share of saprophages linked to two groups: springtails, beetles and carpet beetle.
Antofagasta do not fall into the trap. In general, the trophic structure gerpetobiya differs little
from that of the Community gerpetobiontov trial sites and industrial areas of the village
"Auezov".
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 9. The trophic structure of invertebrates in the traps of sample plots sanitary
zone 1
From bugs Pentatomidae found Brachynema germari, characteristic of the sagebrush-
fescue steppes, feeds on plants seeds. Haze. It is found in different landscapes: sandy, clayey
and stony deserts.
In cenoses plots of the sanitary zone of the diversity of fauna Herpetobiont slightly
increased in comparison with anthropogenically transformed cenoses industrial sites (lots of
families). The total number and specific gravity gerpetobiya as hereinabove (7.6 ind. To 10
traps / day vs. 5.9 ind. 10 trap / day). However, there is considerable similarity structure of
faunal assemblages, suggesting that natural steppe cenoses in this direction, even at a
distance of 1-3 km. from the industrial areas of the enterprise are experiencing significant
technological news.
Survey results - sanitary zone 2
In cenoses steppe plant community sanitary zone 2 were discovered by
representatives of 9 units: Aranei, Trombidiformes, Collembola, Orthoptera, Homoptera,
Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera. Eudominiruyuschimi troops, as before,
began to Hymenoptera (30.6%), and Orthoptera (24,5%) was the first to take this niche. Share
Hymenoptera was the lowest among all the previously mentioned cenoses (Figure 10).
The positions of dominance shifted to Coleoptera (12.2%), spiders (10.2%) and
trombidiidam (8.2%). Two units are in positions subdominants 2 unit is registered as
Сапрфаги
Зоофаги
phytophagans there
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
retsedenty. The number of families in each squad limited to 1, at least 3. Total catchability is
the lowest among all studied communities and is 2.45 ind. 10 trap / day.
Figure 10. Representation of units Herpetobiont invertebrates on the trial plots
sanitary zone 2
In general, registered 13 families. Hymenoptera are just ants. In order Coleoptera
again dominated by ground beetles (0.2 ind. per 10 traps / day) of total dynamic density.
Darkling beetles and Malashka in traps are rare (0.05 ind. per 10 traps / day).
Among the Orthoptera grasshoppers prevail: Italian Prus (Calliptamus italicus),
Pereletnaya locust (Locusta migratoria), filly chernopolosaya (Oedaleus decorus), filly
golubokrylaya (Oedipoda coerulescens). The relatively high number in the traps (0,45ekz 10
trap / day) was observed in the absence of natural enemies associated to its development
locust: insects of the family Meloidae, ezhemuh, this flies naezdnikoov and others.
Locusts most active group among invertebrates destructors in the steppes and deserts.
Eating large mass of green plants, they are poorly internalize it, which leads to the
accumulation of excrement. Intensive decomposition of plant matter combined action of
enzymes and microorganisms insect increases the supply of nutrients released from the plant
matter. Some microorganisms die off with time, lysed, and becomes a source of protein food
herbivores, the other part - is thrown out with the feces. The value of this process is
particularly high: green mass immediately goes into a stage of decaying litter, bypassing the
lengthy stage of rags and felt. In this way, aboveground insects herbivores tier biogeocoenose
accelerate the descending branch of the cycle of matter.
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 11. Proportion (%) of different families herpetobiont invertebrates on test
plots sanitary zone 2
Arachnids find here representatives of wandering wolf spiders Lycosidae and spiders
linifiid (ie. Linyphiidae). Linifii - small form a vast web of twine on the plants and are often
carried by the wind on their silk threads.
Clamp-trombidii in traps anthropogenic areas registered more often (0.2 copies per
10 traps / day) than in natural landscapes (0.05 ind 10 trap / day). Trombidiformes -
permanent residents of the soil found in it to a depth of 1.5 m. It is concentrated in the litter,
and the greatest variety of the group consisting of about 100 families. Along with
saprophagous and predators, among them are herbivores and parasites. Dominated active
predators, feeding on other mites, nematodes, springtails and, in general, very small animals.
Aggregation Herpetobiont invertebrates transformed landscapes apparently contributes to
some increase in the proportion of ticks in collections trombidy traps (Figure 12).
Share predatory forms decreased significantly (57.2%) (Figure 13). In the trophic
structure of the community proved to be scanty saprophagous species (4%). Locusts,
Lepidoptera larvae, leafhoppers and darkling beetles amounted block herbivores (36.8%),
which has become more important here than in the previous cenoses.
The role of the locust is very important for this area, having some moisture deficit in the
soil, because they are, on the one hand, significantly pushing the boundaries of spatial
processes of soil formation above the surface of the soil, and with another - significantly
accelerate these processes. In the case of the predominance of phytophagous beetles in the
biocenosis and fewer saprophages expected to slow down the processes of humification of
plant residues.
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
Lyсоsidаe
Linyphiidаe
Microslides
Onyсhiuridаe
Grillidаe
Aсrididаe
Lygаeidаe
Ciсаdidаe
Beetles
Cаnthаrididаe
Tenebriоnidаe
Numhpаlidаe
Fоrmiсidаe
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Figure 12. The structure of trophic herpetobiont invertebrates on test plots sanitary
zone 2
Characteristically, in the dry steppes is an increase in the proportion of SOIL invertebrate
herbivores and predators, compared with saprophagous. Fall common zoomass gerpetobiya
- as zonal feature.
Survey results- buffer zone 3
The invertebrate fauna of the ecological community, recorded with the help of the
traps is quite diverse. There are 10 teams: Aranei, Trombidiformes, Scutigeromorpha
Collembola, Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and 20 families representing
them (Figure 14, 15).
The most frequently caught in traps Hymenoptera (40.0%) and Coleoptera (16.8%)
(Figure 14). There were only imaginal stage invertebrates, except for the crickets, which were
almost completely represented by young individuals.
Entognatha insects springtails are found in almost all the traps, but the number of
them is a schematic, since its registration in the biocenosis require special sampling
techniques.
A distinctive feature was the presence in the biocenosis traps flycatchers-skutiger
eating small invertebrates from mites to worms. Scutigera coleoptrata active both day and
night. Compared to other centipedes moving very fast, chasing flies, crickets and other
insects. They totaled 3.2% of the number of all invertebrates.
Сапрфаги
Зоофаги
phytophagans there
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
Arachnids met little (1.6%). Diptera and Orthoptera matched 4% and 4.8% of the total
gerpetobiya.
Among the 20 families of invertebrates were the most numerous ants (37.6%) (Figure
15). These are mainly small Lasius platythorax. But sometimes found in traps steppe runner -
Cataglyphis aenescens - ants medium-sized 6-10mm) black, shiny, inhabit open spaces and
confined to the hot and dry habitats.
In positions of dominance were also ground beetles, making up 4.8% of the population of
invertebrates and indicating a significant sparseness of the vegetation cover of the
ecological community (Figure 15). Among the numerous small species of ground beetles,
especially belonging to the genus Lebia Latreille, 1802. According to the type of food the
adult beetles are found on phytophils and herbaceous vegetation, bushes, sometimes on
flowers, larvae parasitize the pupae of Chrysomelidae.
Figure 14. The total ratio of units Herpetobiont invertebrate test areas of the buffer
zone
Among the families of Coleoptera biocenosis relatively abundant beetles Meloidae
Meloidae (5,6%) and darkling beetles (4%), representing here a group of herbivores (Figure
15).
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
The new family for all examined in the area cenoses - beetles beetles Histeridae. They
meet in the fall, in manure, rotting plant debris, under bark, in galleries of bark beetles, etc.
Some species live in anthills. Karapuziki - predators, mainly larvae of other insects.
Very few in traps and carrion beetles kozheedy (0.05 ind 10 trap / day). By type of
food species of these families - polyphagous polyphagous.
The number of small arachnids and are presented only to families of wolf spiders and
bokohodov. The total dynamic density U = 0,1 ind. 10 trap / day.
From Diptera in traps met dung flies (Scathophagidae), phytophagous midges
(Cecidomyiidae), and flies Drosophilidae.
Figure 15. Value gerpetobiont different families of invertebrates in the traps of the
buffer zone
Hemiptera in traps are not met. In the context of sparse vegetation of damselflies
found leafhoppers, larvae live in the soil.
Total catchability of traps in the buffer plant community biocenosis U = 6,25 ind. a trap
/ day.
In general, without taking into account the number of springtails, we note marked
predominance family of ants. The general scheme of domination families of invertebrates as
follows predominant 2, 1 dominant, subdominant 6 retsedent 10 subretsedent 1. A variety of
natural environmental conditions conducive to the emergence of communities of new season
0,00%
5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00% 35,00% 40,00%
Lycosidae
Tomisidae
Trombiculidae
Scutigeridae
Onychiuridae
Acrididae
Grillidae
Cicadidae
Carabidae
Tenebrionidae
Dermestidae
Meloidae
Silphidae
Histeridae
Apidae
Chrysididae
Formicidae
Scathophagidae
Cecidomyiidae
Drosophilidae
Appendix 4.9.16 – Invertebrate Survey Data (July 2013)
young, but the number of representatives of their species is low. At the same time there is
not slowing development cycles Coleoptera, as noted by anthropogenic community study
area.
The trophic structure predators share decreased to 50.1%. Antofagasta presents this
family of bees (Figure 16).
Figure 16. The invertebrate trophic groups gerpetobtontnyh different families
trapped in the buffer zone
Catchability of traps on the groups:
Formicidae U = 2,35 ind. 10 trap / day
Onychiutidae U = 1,65 ind. 10 trap / day
Carabidae (ground beetles beetles / bugs) U = 0,3 / 1,05 ind. 10 trap / day
Meloidae (beetles Meloidae / bugs) U = 0,35 / 1,05 ind. 10 trap / day
Acrididae U = 0,2 ind. 10 trap / day
Aranei U = 0,1 ind. 10 trap / day
Scutigeromorpha U = 0,2 ind. 10 trap / day
Homoptera U = 0,15 ind. 10 trap / day
Сапрофаги
Зоофаги
phytophagans there
Pollinators
|