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4. According to the experiment, when the magnet is moved towards the
coil, the needle of galvanometer returns back to zero position.
5. When the magnet is held stationary at that position, the needle of
galvanometer deflects in one direction.
B. Work with language
I. Put all possible questions to the following sentences.
1. The basic working principle of electrical generator is Faraday's law of
mutual induction.
2. When current flows through the coil of copper wire placed below a
cooking container, it produces a changing magnetic field.
3. Electrical Transformer is a static device which is used to either step
up or step down voltage or current.
4. Faraday's First Law states that any change in the magnetic field of a
coil of wire will cause an emf to be induced in the coil.
5. Faraday's Second Law states that the magnitude of emf induced in the
coil is equal to the rate of change of flux that linkages with the coil.
II. Guess the words:
1. xufl
2. eythro
3. ciloevty
4. talovge
5. peexriemnt
III. Do you know that …
The names
electrode, electrolyte, ion, anode and cathode were
suggested by William Whewell (b. 1794 Lancaster, d. 1866 Cambridge) on
demand of Michael Faraday; Faraday had no formal education and asked
his friend Whewell to form two Greek words for him. For anode and
cathode, Whewell took words that literally mean ‘upward street’ and
‘downward street’. Faraday then popularized these terms, like the other
words mentioned above.
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IV. Translate the text into Russian. Divide the text into logical parts. Write
down key words to each passage.
The first appliances built to generate electric
currents were large
rubbing machines. Then, in 1799 Alessandro Volta (b. 1745 Como, d. 1827
Como) invented a new device to generate electricity and called it a pile;
today its basic element is called a (voltaic) cell, a primary cell* or, less
correctly, a battery. (Correctly speaking, a battery is a collection of cells, as
the one found in a car.) Voltaic cells are based on chemical processes; they
provide much more current and are smaller and easier to handle than
electrostatic machines. The invention of the battery changed the
investigation of electricity so profoundly that Volta became world famous.
At last, a simple and reliable source of electricity was available for use in
experiments; unlike rubbing machines, cells and piles are compact, work in
all weather conditions and make no noise. An apple or a potato or a lemon
with a piece of copper and one of zinc inserted is one of the simplest
possible voltaic cells. It provides a voltage of about 1 V and can be used to
run digital clocks or to produce clicks in headphones. Volta was also the
discoverer of the charge ‘law’ q = CU for capacitors (C being the capacity,
and U the voltage) and the inventor of the
high sensitivity capacitor
electroscope. A modest man, nevertheless, the unit of electrical potential, or
‘tension’, as Volta used to call it, was deduced from his name. A ‘battery’ is
a large number of voltaic cells; the term was taken from an earlier, almost
purely military use. (Voltaic cells exist in all biological cells. For
halobacteria, the internal voltaic cells are even essential to survival. Living
in saltwater, internal voltaic cells help them to avoid death due to osmosis).
A battery in a mobile phone is just an elaborated replacement for a number
of apples or potatoes.
(Adopted from
www.famousscientists.org
)
V. Render the text into English:
О
фамилии основателя Королевского института Великобритании
Королевский институт Великобритании был создан 7 марта 1799
года. Инициатором его создания был граф Румфорд, который еще до
23 лет до этого звался Бенджаменом Томсоном и имел американское
подданство. Но в 1776г. он переехал в Англию, через три
года был
83
избран в
члены Королевского общества, получил дворянский титул
графа Священной Римской империи. А по существующей до сих пор в
Англии традиции, человек, произведенный в графы или лорды, может
выбрать себе новое имя. Нередко оно оказывается связанным каким-
нибудь образом с тем географическим местом, где проживал или
проживает избранник.
Лорд Кельвин,
например, взял себе имя по названию речки
Кельвин, протекающей около Глазго, где он, будучи Уильямом
Томсоном, жил и работал. А Бенджамен Томсон выбрал себе имя в
честь города Румфорда. Через 150 лет генерального секретаря
Королевского института Великобритании
Мартина спросили, что дал
науке институт. Он ответил лаконично: "Институт - это то место, где
жил и работал Фарадей".
(Adopted from
www.humo.ru
)
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