Kazakh national pedagogical university after Abai хабаршы вестник bulletin «Тарих және саяси-әлеуметтік ғ ылымдар»
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2018 №3 Абай аты ҰПУ хабарщыс
| ВЕСТНИК КазНПУ имени Абая, серия «Исторические и социально-политические науки», №3(58), 2018 г.
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Economy Belt (SREB) initiative have helped the geopolitical struggle to climb to the geoeconomic level. This is also seen in the Russian competition of the West, which is still continuing today. Moscow has been forced to respond to Beijing's initiatives within the framework of the "return to East" policy. As a consequence, China has gradually begun to become a major player in the region of central Asia and has created a wide range of economic opportunities beyond Russia and even the United States. In this context, unlike Russia, China has a very positive attitude towards transport corridors, including those proposed by the United States. The prospect of economic development in the direction of China from the point of view of China is much more important than that of the US. This issue is traditionally more worrying for Russia. At the same time, it is also important that China is faced with the option of taking responsibility for the situation in Afghanistan. If the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) makes India and Pakistan - probably Iran - a member, this is a possible situation.” This has created a tendency towards the end of the geographical separation of the region. Geopolitical conflicts will not end. But theoretically speaking, open conflicts will leave their place to cooperate. China plays an important, strategic role in this respect. Economic interests can have a significant impact on the end of the geographical separation of Central Asia.
"Kazakhstan is at the crossroads of its three major powers (China, Russia and the United States). European Union (ie both the EU and member states) as well as Iran, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Saudi Arabia is closely related to the region. This interest has different causes. For example, the ancient causes of Turkey's desire to be effective in the interest of Turkish territory are also economic interests. The Pakistani outcome lies in creating a transport corridor in the north to overcome transportation difficulties that damage the country's economy. The interests of Saudi Arabia are to create “Muslim” areas in the region that forms a “clean page” after the collapse of the USSR. “Thus, the Central Asian region, especially Kazakhstan, maintains its position as one of the centers of global competition in which many interests conflict. It is clear that there are many other areas where Russia, the US and China are clashing. For example, between the US-China issue of Southeast Asia, or Russia and the US and Europe relations, such as the issue of Eastern Europe. The authenticity of Central Asia is the secret walk between the great powers here[7].” "Given the circumstances, Kazakhstan's main interests in Eurasia lie in the economic development of the country and the region, the continuation of the modernization process, and the preservation of the geopolitical balance between the major external powers. The issue of geopolitical equilibrium is particularly important because the conflicts of interests in the Eurasian region of large and regional powers are affecting economic development negatively. Experiences gained in the early 1990s and early 2000s show that conflicts of interest between the great powers are carried out through the transportation corridors, which traditionally have a critical prescription for the economic development of Eurasia[7].” Kazakhstan, which is a bridge between the East and the West, is at the same time an important point of intersection between "North-South" and "East-West". This position, which Kazakhstan has, inevitably obliges this country to follow a very sensitive internal and external policy in the region and internationally, and in particular makes proactive politics inevitable in foreign policy. As a country without access to the sea, Kazakhstan supports all projects aimed at establishing a transport corridor. Moreover, the transportation corridor system seriously lowers the level of geopolitical tensions, which is our most important position. Kazakhstan is trying to follow a multifaceted policy against the possibility of a decline in maneuvering area. This is the case, for example, in the case of the last hull between Russia and the West. Successful multifaceted policy monitoring can benefit not only Astana, but all important forces. Because these countries will be able to rely on Kazakhstan knowing that their foreign policy will never change. In general this is linked to another common strategy: to play an important role in the orchestra formed by leading countries. Although Kazakhstan is a relatively small country, it has a serious political weight in international relations. It should not be forgotten that the policy of Kazakhstan's participation in important international projects has opened up opportunities for high- level dialogue with great powers. Finally, the development of Kazakhstan requires the resolution of security problems. Any instability in the region could pose a threat to modernization and development processes[8].”
Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ-нің ХАБАРШЫСЫ, «Тарих және саяси-әлеуметтік ғылымдар» сериясы, №3(58), 2018 ж. 161
3. Baru, Sanjaya, “A New Era of Geo-economics: Assessing the İnterplay of Economics and Political Risk”, IISS Seminar, 23 March, 2015, s. 4, file:///C:/Users/Пользователь/Downloads/64319.pdf 4. Clarke, Michael, “Kazakhstan’s Multi-vector Foreign Policy: Diminishing Returns in an Era of Great Power “Pivots”?”, April 2015, http://www.theasanforum.org/kazakhstans-multi-vector-foreign-policy- diminishing-returns-in-an-era-of-great-power-pivots/ 5. Fedorenko, Vladimir, “The New Silk Road İnitiatives in Cenral Asia”, Rethink İnstitute Washington Paper, Washington, August 2013 6. Gabuyev, Alexander, “Eurasian Silk Road Union: Towards a Russia-China Consensus?”, Carnegie Moscow Center, 5 June, 2015, http://carnegie.ru/2015/06/05/eurasian-silk-road-union-towards-russia-china- consensus/i9kt, 7. Kulnazarov, Rustem, “New Geopolitical Role of Central Asia within Foreign Policy Interests of World Powers”, Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 12; 2015 8. Kuchins Andrew, Mankoff Jeffrey, Kourmanova Aitolkyn, Backs Oliver, “Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia: Kazakhstan’s Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Issues”, A Report of the CSİS Russia and Eurasia Program, June 2015
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