The Concept of Eurasia and Eurasian Geo-economics
As a geographical concept, Eurasia is derived from “combining the names of Europe and Asia to indicate these
two mainland”, and today Eurasia is no longer just a geographical concept; strategic, political and cultural
associations. As a matter of fact, the term "Eurasia" was seldom used in international relations, except that it was
an abstract concept expressing vast territories extending from Norway to Vietnam until a short time ago. But
precisely here, in the Eurasian region (almost 55 million km2), which contains 36% of the Earth's land, important
events of world history have been experienced. People settled in this land and mixed with each other; Nomads and
farmers have traded together and fought each other; great empires have been established and destroyed. In this
respect, Eurasia was a short time ago, consisting of a cluster of civilizations and territories whose regional ties are
weaker than other parts of the world - in this sense it is enough to even remember the close ties between the two
Atlantic shores or the dynamics of the Asia-Pacific region. The first person to consider Eurasia as a single macro-
region is the English geographer Halford Mackinder, sometimes called the “father of geopolitics”. In 1904,
Mackinder devised the new “heartland” or “center of the earth” theory and used it for the north eastern part of
Central Asia, Afghanistan and southern Siberia. The famous saying is: “The center dominates the Earth Island,
which dominates the lands; The one who dominates the Earth Island dominates the Earth [1].”
Political scientist Zbigniew Brzezinski remembers Mackinder's words in his famous book The Great Chess
Board (1997): "In this context, it is very important that America" manages "Eurasia. Eurasia is the world's greatest
continent and a geopolitical excuse. A power to govern Eurasia will control two-thirds of the world's most
developed and economically productive regions. A look at the map shows that the Western Hemisphere and
Oceania will be thrown into the environmental regions of the world, even if they control Africa by establishing
control over Eurasia. About 75% of the world's population live in Eurasia, and there are many natural resources,
whether they seek initiatives or not, but the material well-being of the world. " The birth of "United Eurasia" has
only begun in the 21st century and is still in front of our eyes. The development of telecommunications
ВЕСТНИК КазНПУ имени Абая, серия «Исторические и социально-политические науки», №3(58), 2018 г.
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technology and transportation as well as the establishment of a sustainable interdependence between the different
regions of the continent have in fact “created” the fact that in the past, only a theoretical region remained [2]. Of
course, in this process, geopolitics also plays a role. Many experts believe that global picture creates two stable
poles: the Euro-Atlantic bubble, traditionally represented by the West (especially the United States and Europe),
which is the world's leading global force, with China, India and Russia Eurasia. However, the consolidation of
Eurasia has been realized not by geography but by the economy (because the great powers have always come and
gone between the conflicts). The emergence of new trade routes, the creation of new economic alliances, the
increase in the flow of goods, capital and people - are the factors that enable Eurasia to unite on a new basis.
At the heart of these events, undoubtedly Central Asia, namely Eurasia's four roads, is the natural center of the
continent. In this context, the mega-project of Chinese President Xi Jingping will pass through Central Asia, the
main branch of the Silk Road Economy Band (SREB). This project will be closely integrated with the two largest
Eurasian economies, the EU and China, and at the same time a jump in the development of regional economies.
Kazakhstan, Russia The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), a project that will integrate Belarusian, Kyrgyzstan
and Armenian economies and provide mutual benefits, is shaped exactly here. At the same time, the US is trying
to develop a “New Silk Road” that will vertically integrate the region (not horizontally), allowing goods
(primarily energy) to flow from Central Asia to the countries of the Indian Ocean. So when we talk about Eurasia,
we need to focus mainly on the Central Asian region with its complex geographical and political environment in
which the interests of global players coincide.
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