part how they can most reasonably be accommodated within an over-all framework,
of grammatical and semantic description.
(Karl E. Zimmer, Affixal Negation in English and other languages).
SEMINAR No. 3
Word-formation in Modern English (continued) Topics for discussion.
1 Conversion, its definition. The word-building means in conversion. Different view-
points on conversion. Typical semantic relations within a converted pair (verbs
converted from nouns, nouns converted from verbs).
2.Shortening. Lexical abbreviations. Acronyms. Clipping. Types of clipping.
3.Non-productive
means
of
word
formation.
Blending.
Back-formation.
Onomatopoeia. Sentence - condensation. Sound and stress interchange.
Exercise 1.
Study the following passage and be ready to discuss denominal verbs in
Modern English.
The meanings of ordinary denominal verbs are seem to be clear, bear at least an
approximate relationship to their "parent" nouns, from which they were historically
derived. The verb bottle bears some relation, at last diachronically, to its parent noun
bottle. To illustrate the major relationships, we will present classification of more than
1300 denominal verbs collected from newspaper, magazines, novels, television. To
make our task manageable, we have included only those verbs that fit these four
guidelines:
(a)Each verb had to be formed from its parent noun without affixation (though with
possible final voicing, as in shelve). This is by far the commonest method of forming
denominal verbs in English.
(b)The parent noun of each verb had to denote a palpable object or property of such
an object, as in sack, knee, and author - but not climax, function, or question.
(c) Each verb had to have a non-metaphorical concrete use as far as possible. This
again was to help keep our theory of interpretation within limits, although in some
cases we couldn't avoid examining certain extended meanings.
(d) Each verb had to be usable as a genuine finite verb. This excluded expressions like
three - towered and six - legged, which occur only as denominal adjectives. (E. Clark
and H. Clark. When nouns surface as verbs).
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