Questions for self-control

2. What is the origin of the modern term "corruption"?

5. What are the areas of life and activity of the state, people may be subjected to the negative effects of corruption?

At all times of the state, whose economic interests were exposed to the destructive influence of corruption, led the fight against corruption. Since the fighting did not stop her, heads of state sought to give this fight systemic, develop and implement such techniques and methods that were aimed at getting the long-term effect. Thus, the struggle against corruption assumes the character of an essential element of national policy.

Anti-corruption efforts and anti-corruption policies can not be the result of commutative if it carried out only and exclusively by legal means, methods, techniques and methods. To form an effective anti-corruption policy need to know what are the circumstances that contribute to corruption offenses, what are the objective conditions which involve corruption offenses, what exactly is the negative impact of corruption in each individual towards life and work of the state, what is the extent of the defeat of corruption specifically combined cost relevant activities of the country, etc.

To develop efficient measures anti-corruption action is necessary to study the anti-corruption activities in foreign countries. On the basis of a comparative analysis of possible selective approach towards regularizing the positive international experience of combating corruption. In this blind imitation of foreign models should not take place. What is possible to achieve a high effect in one country may be useless in another country.

The causes of this condition are:

history, culture, national traditions and customs, explaining the origin of the phenomena that may be relevant to the modern understanding of the content of corruption;

- Corruption can wear a transnational nature and thus affect the economic and financial interests of different countries simultaneously. Ending corruption offense in one country does not necessarily mean getting the desired effect in another country, which has a different system of anti-corruption.

First level - regional (from the Latin region - Region) - includes a some limited area, is local. For the local level may be referred to as the area (for example, in the Republic of Kazakhstan), and other administrative and territorial division adopted in the State (eg, the individual state in the US, taken separately Province in China, etc.).

The second level - nationwide - includes an all spheres of life and activity in all regions (states, lands, provinces, etc.) that are subject to the negative effects of corruption offenses.

The third level - international - covers a sphere of life and activity of the neighboring countries as well as countries that do not have common borders, but stick to the general principles of combating corruption.