Read the international words and guess their meanings:
Function, adequate, originally, constant, universally, standard, legal, a creditor,
a chance, a check, circulation, inflation, to co-operate, to stabilize, primary, a
reservoir, liquidity (of money), transnational, to assist, massive, campaign.
Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
a coin
a transaction
to be regarded
legal tender
substitute
medium of exchange
to purchase
- монета
- сделка
- рассматривать, считать
- законное платежное средство
- заменитель
- средство обмена
~ приобретать, покупать
Read and translate the Text
FUNCTIONS OF MONEY
All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Our goods
and services are sold for money, and that money is in turn exchanged for other goods
and services. Coins are adequate for small transactions, while paper notes are used for
general business.
There is additionally a wider sense of the word money, covering anything
which is used as a means of exchange, whatever form it may take. Originally, a
valuable metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value, and today
the American dollar is technically "backed" by the store of gold which the US
government maintains. Because gold has been universally regarded as a very valuable
metal, national currencies were for many years judged in terms of the so-called gold
standard. Valuable metals have generally been replaced by paper notes.
These notes are used by governments and authorized banks, and are known as
legal tender. Other arrangements such as checks and money orders are not legal
tender. They perform the function of substitute money and are known as instruments
of credit. Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they get a good chance of
obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other
authorized institution. If a man's assets are known to be considerable, then the credit
will be good. If his assets are in doubt, it may be difficult for him to obtain large
sums of credit or even to pay for goods with a check.
The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange, or, as
economists put it, its purchasing power. This purchasing power is dependent on
supply and demand. The demand for money is the quantity needed to effect business
transactions. An increase in business requires an increase in The amount of money
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coming into general circulation. But the demand for Money is related not only to the
quantity of business but also to the rapidity with which the business is done. The
supply of money, on the other hand, is the actual amount in notes and coins available
for business purposes. If too much money is available, its value decreases, and it does
not buy as much as it did, say, five years earlier. This condition is known as inflation.
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