“conditional reflexes” of the “second signaling system” and of “dynamic
stereotype” bears a direct relation to the teaching of a foreign language. Pavlov
writes that all human physical activity is the result of the physiological activity of
the definite mass of the brain. Pavlov showed that man’s higher nervous
activities-speaking and thinking –are the functions of a special system of organic
structures within the nervous system. Pavlov’s theory of conditioned reflexes
explains and confirms the necessity for the cultivation of habits and for frequent
repetitions and revision of the material dealt with in the teaching of all the subjects
of instruction, in particular in the teaching of foreign languages, where those
precepts arte of special importance. Consequently, one of the forms of human
behavior, i.e. speech response to different communication situations. Therefore, in
teaching a foreign language we must bear in mind that pupils should acquire the
language they study as a behavior, as something that helps people to communicate
with each other in various real situations of intercourse. Hence a foreign language
should be taught in through such situations. Pavlov’s theory “dynamic stereotype”
also furnished the psychological base for many important principles of language
teaching, e.g. for the topical vocabulary arrangements.
d) Relations of Methods of Foreign Language Teaching to Linguistics.
While linguistics is a science, language as a subject of instruction is not a
science, but an activity. Methods of foreign language teaching is most closely
related to linguistics deals with the problems which are of paramount importance
to Methods, with language and thinking, grammar and vocabulary, the relationship
between grammar and vocabulary and many others. Methods successfully use, for
example, the results of linguistic investigation in the selection and arrangement of
language material for teaching.
There can no doubt that all the branches of linguistics: phonetics, the two
divisions of grammar –morphology and syntax, - and the two- lexicology and
semantics- can furnish useful data to foreign language method. Many prominent
linguists have not only developed the theory of linguistics, but also tried to apply it
to language teaching. The following quotation may serve as a proof of this: ”It has
occurred to the linguist as well as to the psychologist that the foreign language
classroom should be an excellent laboratory in which to test new theories of
language acquisition”.
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